Abstract:Since the reform and opening up, China’s economic development has made remarkable achievements. However, the spatial problems have become increasingly prominent, such as the destruction of resources and environment, the disorder of spatial development, and the imbalance of regional development. In order to promote the coordination of urbanization development and environment protection and balanced development of regions, the idea of major function zone was established. The major function zone is an important policy tool of the system implement for developing and protecting territorial space. How to understand the major function zone and planning? It has become an important issue that cannot be bypassed in the construction of the territorial spatial planning system in the new era. This paper starts with the cognition of territorial space, discusses the connotation and existing problems of the major function zone. On these grounds, the article puts forward relevant suggestions for the future optimization of the major function zone. 　　Based on the “region” and “element” characteristics of territorial space, this paper reviews the cognition and planning practice of major function zone. The major function zone is closely centered on the feature of the regional territorial space. 1) The ideology of the major function zone comes from the idea that “region” has dominant territorial function. In view of the macro characteristic and functional diversity of the regional territorial space, the division principle of major function zone is comprehensive. It highlights the major functions of the region and has auxiliary functions. 2) The major function zone takes “regional” territorial space as the division object. The optimized, prioritized and restricted zones basically adopt county-level administrative units as basic units to interface with the governmental responsibilities. And the prohibited zones are some special regional territorial space on a macro scale. 3) The implementation measures of major function zone planning are policy management tools targeted at “region”. Focusing on comprehensive management, the major function zone planning puts forward diversified supporting policies, and clarifies the key points of performance evaluation for different major function zones. 　　From the perspective of “region-element” coordination, some problems are found in the planning implementation process. 1) In the transmission of “region-region”, there is a deviation between the two-level planning schemes. In the game between central and local governments, local governments hope to bring more administrative regions into prioritized zones, in order to obtain more development opportunities. In addition, the provincial planning may have incomplete understanding of indicators and policy connotations, which will lead to an inadequate implementation of superior planning. 2) In the transmission of “region-element”, a use-oriented regulation system has not yet been formed. Most of the indicators in the major function zone planning come from other planning that have been approved and promulgated. The supporting policies for regional territorial space are closely linked to the development planning rather than using control of elemental territorial space. 3) In the coordination of “region-element”, organic synergy with other spatial planning has not been achieved. In terms of content, the major function zone planning refers more to other existing spatial planning. In terms of implementation, the major function zone planning does not leave corresponding interfaces to other spatial planning. In terms of authority, the major function zone planning has not obtained corresponding legal basis and lacks mandatory binding force. 　　Facing the requirements of the ecological civilization construction and the national space governance in the new era, this article points out that from the perspective of “region-element” coordination, it is necessary to further improve the major function zone system from the following three aspects. 1) Effectively incorporating into the territorial space planning system. This paper believes that the government should adhere to the legalization of space governance and strengthen the position of the major function zone strategy. Combine major function zone with the index decomposition, spatial regulation and other control measures apply to elemental territorial space. 2) Optimizing the existing major function zoning. In terms of function adjustment, the positioning and development direction of provincial major function zoning should be consistent with national planning. In addition, the proportion of each major function zone should be strictly controlled. When optimizing the major functional zones of coastal counties, the planning should take spatial protection and sea area development into account, with the principle of land-sea coordination. 3) Implementing the performance evaluation mechanism. On the one hand, it is necessary to strengthen the connection with other types of assessments. The government should appropriately adjust the existing assessment and evaluation indicators according to the major functions. On the other hand, the application of the assessment results should be strengthened. It brings the construction of the major functional zones into the comprehensive performance evaluation.

Abstract:In recent years, the urban and rural environment that China’s cultural heritage depends on is suffering from the impact of urbanization. A large number of architectural cultural heritages are facing the dual pressure of its own decay and ecological environment destruction. As a concept describing heritage distribution and regional characteristics, heritage corridors provide a new perspective for the protection and utilization of comprehensive heritage across regions. How to effectively protect heritage corridors in the process of rapid development will be the focus of future work. The planning and construction of cultural heritage corridors have received great attention from the country in recent years. This paper analyzes the opportunities and construction methods of cultural heritage corridors from the perspective of territorial space planning, and puts forward the “dual evaluation” system of territorial space planning as an important basis for defining the ecological protection scope of cultural heritage corridors and clarifying the degree of land development and construction along the heritage corridors. Combined with the corridor suitability theory, the idea of combining the heritage corridor’s overall construction with ecological protection was put forward. The GIS technology was used to study the construction of cultural heritage corridors in Jiangmen city. First, according to the existing geographical characteristics in the study area, it selects ecological sensitivity evaluation factors and ecological suitability evaluation factors to construct an evaluation system, and then it extracts and calculates each factor to complete the single-factor ecological sensitivity evaluation and single-factor ecological suitability evaluation. The weight of each factor is obtained through the analytic hierarchy process and reference to previous experiences. And then, a spatial superposition analysis is performed on the ecological sensitivity and ecological suitability of each single factor to complete the comprehensive analysis of ecological sensitivity and comprehensive analysis of ecological suitability.According to the analysis results at this stage, “ecological priority” is the primary principle of the space planning of cultural heritage corridors, and the ecologically high sensitive areas and middle sensitive areas are divided into the ecological protection scope of the cultural heritage corridor space planning of Jiangmen city. The results of suitability analysis can be used to guide the further development of the cultural heritage corridors in Jiangmen. In addition, the elements of cultural heritages are identified and spatially located, and the value evaluation and spatial agglomeration analysis of cultural heritage resource points are carried out. The theme and basic spatial pattern of cultural heritage corridors are determined through the spatial distribution characteristics and value evaluation of cultural heritage resource points. Next, comprehensive analysis of the ecological process, construction process and other factors, using the minimum cumulative resistance model is carried out to further analyze the suitability of the heritage corridor. After determining the relative resistance values of different areas on the landscape surface to the heritage leisure and recreation activities, it employs the spatial analysis function of GIS to obtain the suitability evaluation results of heritage recreational activities. After that, it uses the minimum path method to generate potential Jiangmen cultural heritage corridors through the cost path command of GIS. Finally, based on comprehensive ecological sensitivity and ecological suitability analysis, cultural heritage resource suitability analysis, GIS technology is used to establish a database of various types of planning maps in Jiangmen city, forming a multi-regulated unified territorial space basic information platform for Jiangmen city. Taking the territorial space basic information platform as the base plate, and combining the land and space planning at various levels and various levels, Jiangmen city’s land and space plan is formed as a “picture”. And then , it links the potential cultural heritage corridors with various higher-level plans of Jiangmen city. In addition, Jiangmen city is an important node city in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. The spatial planning of cultural heritage corridor in Jiangmen city should focus on the overall planning of the whole Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay area, and be connected with the relevant planning of it. Finally, the spatial network system of cultural heritage corridors in Jiangmen at the national scale should be obtained. This article takes the territorial space planning as the research entry point and explores the methods and processes of constructing cultural heritage corridors. On the one hand, it helps to strengthen the academic research of cultural heritage corridors. On the other hand, it helps to complement and deepen the localization practice and exploration of linear cultural heritage. The combination of cultural heritage corridors and territorial space planning will change the perspective from cultural heritage sites to historical and cultural spaces. It is expected that it will provide some references for the planning and research of cultural heritage corridors in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.

Abstract:On May 9th, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council promulgated the Opinions on Establishing the Territorial and Spatial Planning System and Related Implementation Supervision, which marked that the territorial and spatial planning has become a guide for national space development in the New Era. Among them, the ecological protection redlines, permanent prime farmland and urban growth boundary which known as the “Three Lines”, have become core contents of current territorial and spatial planning. The urban growth boundary serves as the regional boundary line for guiding and restraining urban growth in the national land planning, which plays a dual role of bottom line control and guiding development in the practical construction of urban areas. China’s urban growth boundary delineation ideas generally adopt the bottom line thought, in lack of systematic research on the consideration of urban design ideation. Based on urban design thinking, and combined with the results of Guangzhou’s urban growth boundary stage and overall urban design-related research, this paper proposes a “revision” method for urban growth boundaries in the steps of pattern recognition, plan delineation, boundary correction in the process of urban growth boundary delineation. And it is also suggested to enrich the urban growth boundary regulation from the perspective of ecological patches and spatial units. 　　This paper mainly studies from two aspects. Firstly, it analyzes the current methods and problems of urban development boundary delimitation. The concept of urban growth boundary originates from Howard’s book “Tomorrow, the Road to Peace for Reform”. In 1955, the Green Belt plan of London became the rudiment of urban growth boundary. The United States took the lead in using urban land management policy tools to push forward urban growth boundaries and to curb urban sprawl. China’s first request from the government level for delimitation of urban growth boundary originated from the 2013 Central Urbanization Working Conference. In 2014, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the Ministry of Land and Resources jointly selected 14 pilot cities, including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou etc., to explore delimitation work for urban growth boundary. In addition, the academic community has also carried out a wealth of researches on urban growth boundary. At present, the research direction of urban growth boundary includes resource and environment carrying capacity, suitability evaluation of land and space development, as well as theoretical research and practical exploration of urban growth driven. There are great differences in indicators and technical methods among different delimitation methods, but it has become a basic consensus to delimit from two aspects of urban development restrictive factors and demand factors. 　　Although a relatively scientific calculation method and theoretical system have been formed, there are still several problems in the current process of delimiting urban growth boundary: lack of recognition of natural landscape pattern and urban development pattern from an overall perspective; lack of response to the improvement of living environment quality; lack of overall consideration of the overall features and landscape pattern of the town. 　　Due to the flaw of the existing methods, the calculated urban growth boundary tends to be broken, resulting in the effects of overall pattern of urban fragmentation and other negative effects. 　　Secondly, how to “revise” the technical method of delimiting urban growth boundary from the perspective of urban design? Combined with the work of delimitation of urban growth boundary in Guangzhou, this paper explores the relevant exploration from three aspects: guiding the rational layout of the boundary, reserving elastic space and optimizing the adjustment of the boundary. 　　1) Comprehensively consider the natural landscape pattern of the city. Translate the natural factors as mountain and water into the calculation parameters in the urban growth simulation model. Integrating and optimizing the broken patches from the perspective of pattern integrity, so as to obligate important ecological corridors and protect landscape pattern. 　　2) Increase the consideration of factors such as the historical characteristics and the ecological ventilation. In the process of delineating the boundary, integrating the historic urban landscapes into delineation methods can effectively protect the continuity of urban historical context. It is also necessary to optimize the urban growth boundary of the main ventilation corridor, so as to help the wind circulation to mitigate the urban heat island effect. 　　3) To ensure the regularity of the growth boundary of cities and towns. Based on the spatial characteristics of culture, landscape, public service facilities and other elements, the corresponding units are defined. From the perspective of ensuring the integrity, the unit is integrated into the internal management and control of the urban growth boundary to form a holistic landscape pattern and construction land landscape pattern.

Abstract:Territorial space planning is the guidance of National Space Development, the space blueprint on sustainable development and the basis of all kinds of development, protection and construction activities. In our country’s current administrative territorial entity system, city and county are two different administrative levels, because of the differences in their jurisdiction and authority, according to the rules of “who manage, who approve”, city-level territorial space planning and county-level territorial space planning in the preparation of content and depth should be different. The city-level territorial space planning should focus on the strategic development and spatial control at the city level, while the county-level territorial space planning should be an important level in the “five-level, three-type and four-system” , its core content is to achieve the county, all the elements, the whole process of space management and control and the strict implementation of municipal indicators. Taking Daying County of Sichuan Province as an example, this paper takes an in-depth study and analysis on the compilation path of countylevel territorial space master planning from the perspective of practice and exploration, and points out the following problems existing in the compilation of county-level territorial space master planning at the present stage: 1) It is difficult to reuse the land with low efficiency. The demand for incremental land use is particularly strong because it is difficult to reuse inefficient land at the county level. 2)The results of the general planning of territorial space at the county level are constantly being revised and explored in accordance with national, provincial and municipal requirements, the uncertainty of technical requirements leads to the difficulty of the pilot work of county-level territorial spatial planning. 3) Because of the initial data of “The Third National Land Survey” is still in the process of node updating, and has not formed the final data result, there are still some problems in the connection between the Third National Land Survey data and the planning basic data. The accuracy and validity of the current situation data, which is the basis of the land spatial planning, have a direct impact on the scientificness and operability of the land spatial planning achievements.Based on the main problems existing in the general planning of county-level territorial space, this paper discusses and summarizes the technical strategies for the general planning of county-level territorial space, it includes: 1) The strategy of “optimizing the use of land” based on the county development strategy. Under the premise of controlling the total amount of construction land index, optimal land use will become an effective guarantee to realize land intensive and economical use. As an important node city in the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle, Daying County will still be developing rapidly in the next 15 years. The proposal of the development strategy of the Chengdu-Chongqing District economic circle has provided strong policy support for Daying County to seek index support, it will also be the focus of the current round of territorial space planning. 2) Evaluation Strategy of five-law-oriented research based on county scale. In the overall planning of territorial space, we should learn to use the method of systematic synthesis and take five-law coordination as the guidance, carefully analyze the natural law, economic law, social law, ecological law and technological law that restrict the process of urban development, form the synergy effect of five kinds of laws through the rational allocation of space resources, and realize the optimum synergy degree of five laws, promoting high-quality urban development. 3) White Space Control Strategy based on supply and demand orientation of county development. In the work of new territorial spatial planning, we should fully recognize the limitation of the quantity of resources and the imbalance of their distribution, in which land resources are essential productive capital for human beings, it is an important carrier to meet the needs of the continuous development of human survival, production and social activities, and to ensure human survival and security. From a supply-side perspective, based on the professional judgment of the traditional overall land use planning, we should determine and unify the bottom figure of the whole domain, scientifically and rationally carry out the “double evaluation” of the resources and environment, and plan the “three areas and three lines” as a whole, the protection and governance measures of different subareas should be arranged according to the principles of the balance of resources supply, population, resources and environment, and the unity of economic and social ecological benefits. 4) Technical Support Strategy based on county level serving planning governance. “practical and easy-to-use” land spatial planning results need not only professional technical standards and technical system support, but also advanced technical tools to ensure. Data technology is the key support in the process of “double evaluation” of territorial spatial planning and the construction of results management platform. In order to realize the strategy of the main functional area and the accurate landing of all kinds of spatial control elements, a national land space planning “one map” should be formed on the basis of the land space basic information platform, the planning staff should realize the technical thinking transformation from perceptual cognition to rational coordination under the guidance of efficient planning management.

Abstract:In the context of the new territorial spatial planning, the current national, provincial and municipal level territorial spatial plans have not clearly defined the status and compilation methods of transportation planning in the territorial spatial planning system. Under the background of land and space planning, transportation planning mainly has the following four major changes in planning goals and concepts, and also puts forward new requirements for transportation planning. The first is to pay more attention to the rigid management and protection of space resources. In the context of tight resource constraints and large ecological protection, future transportation planning should transform the current extensive planning model, pay more attention to intensive development and refined management of construction land, and strengthen the control and protection of space resources. Secondly, the planning scope has shifted from the central urban area to the overall planning. In the new era, the scope of territorial space planning requires “global coverage, global control, horizontal to side, vertical to the end”. In this context, the traffic planning should be consistent with the scope of the territorial space planning. The overall planning, pay more attention to the coordination of transportation within and outside the boundaries of urban development, and consider the transportation planning of rural areas outside the boundaries of urban development into the regulatory scope. The third is to change the planning method from incremental planning to incremental and inventory optimization. From the perspective of stock planning, meeting the demand-oriented extensive and expanded transportation planning will become increasingly unsustainable in terms of construction land protection. The fourth is the gradual transformation of planning methods from qualitative planning to quantitative planning. Under the background of domestic territorial space planning, future transportation planning requires higher scientificity and accuracy, and will gradually change from qualitative planning in the status quo to scientific quantitative planning. In order to cope with the changes in transportation planning and adapt to the needs of the development of land and space in the new era and the development strategy of a powerful country in transportation, issues such as the positioning of transportation planning, the main body of organization, the focus of preparation, and the mode of preparation need to be clarified. Through discussion, this article makes it clear that transportation planning is an important special plan in land and space planning. Traffic planning can also be roughly divided into three levels. Among them, national-level transportation planning should be a global arrangement for major transportation infrastructure such as national railways, highways, water transportation, and aviation. Provincial transportation planning is the basis for major provincial-level transportation. The strategic deployment and overall layout of the facility is to refine and deepen the national transportation plan, and guide the preparation of city and county transportation plans, focusing on coordination; the city, county, and township transportation plans are the detailed implementation of provincial-level transportation plans. It is a reasonable arrangement for the transportation facilities, transportation hubs, public transportation and other transportation facility subsystems in the planned area, focusing on implementation. In the context of the new territorial space planning, the transportation planning should be prepared in synchronization with the territorial space planning, complement each other, coordinate with each other, and provide feedback. The scope and duration of the transportation planning should be consistent with the territorial space planning at the same level. In the form of compilation, under the new land and space planning system, transportation planning, as an important planning content that supports and guides the development of land and space, can be organized into separate chapters or combined with industrial and municipal infrastructure to form a chapter. Supported by thematic forms of transportation research. Finally, Sichuan Province is taken as an example to introduce the exploration of the simultaneous preparation of transportation planning, ecological protection, intensive development of transportation land, and space security of construction land in the process of provincial land space planning. For example, in the development process, more emphasis is placed on “coordination, integration and innovation”, focusing on the preparation of time, planning space, and coordination between different modes of transport. At the same time, various special plans such as highways, inland navigation, aviation, and pipelines are integrated, and big data is integrated. New technologies such as new quantitative predictive analysis methods, compile transportation plans, and integrate planning results into “a blueprint” for land and space planning.

Abstract:The suitability evaluation of national territory spatial development is a basic work for optimizing the pattern of its development and protection, implementing the use control and ecological restoration, and scientizing the national territory spatial planning. Current evaluation methods of national territory spatial development suitability are mostly oriented to the demand of three main types of land utilization (agricultural, ecological and urban spaces), and draw the criterion in confused concepts of land use and land cover. It leads to the overlapped evaluation result between agriculture suitability and construction suitability, and lacks the support of governing national territory spatial. 　　In fact, land cover is resources supply which can reflect the status of natural ecology, while land use is the human needs referring to how human make use of land cover. Point to the problem, this study clarifies the many-to-many relationship of land cover (supply) and land use (demand). Inspired by Nature’s Economy, this study infers the five utilization principles of land cover resources from the principle of economics and welfare economics, include expounding the production-possibilities frontier of land cover; the supply and demand relationship of land cover and land use; the effective utilization allocation of land cover resources; the positive and negative externality of land cover resources and the public-resource property of land cover. 　　Principle 1: Based on pursuing the maximization of production efficiency, choice of land use will trade off the marginal cost of multi-use possibility in land cover. 　　Principle 2: In the many-to-many relationship between land cover and land use, land cover tends to be the form of land use with less elasticity of demand. 　　Principle 3: Regardless of the externalities, the form of land use with more consumer surplus is the best allocation to land cover resources. 　　Principle 4: The utilization of land resources should be oriented towards positive externalities. 　　Principle 5: The property rights integrating “duty, power and benefit” can realize the winwin situation of land resources allocating and economic welfare improving. 　　Then, reducing dimensions of the many-to-many relationship to one-to-many, this study deduces “C-Us” and “U-Cs” two economic evaluation models of national territory spatial development suitability. After demonstrating and optimizing the two based on the principle1 and 2, it finds that “U-Cs” evaluation model easy to mix land use and land cover together as the supply, trapped in a “self-evident” logical paradox. While the “C-Us” model is an accessible way to evaluate the suitability of national territory spatial development, which intuitively shows the relationship between the natural supply of land cover and the artificial selection of land use, fully embodies the economic properties (quantity, price, opportunity cost, and so on) of the national territory spatial development. 　　According to principles 3 and 4, the externalities of land use, namely social cost and social value, are included in the C-Us model. Subject to ecological research mechanism, “process-function-form”, the land used as public sector land or not can be concluded by interpreting ecological process, simulating environmental degradation and evaluating the importance of ecological function and sensitivity of environment about land cover. Following principle 5, the land zoning integrating right, duty and benefit may be the best way to display the public resource property and avoid “The Tragedy of the Commons”. 　　Given all above, the duty-power-benefit shared method of national territory spatial development and zoning governance is deduced. The method will make the land utilization reflect the ecological function of land cover and operate sustainably under the clear property rights.

Abstract:At present, China’s economy has shifted from a stage of high-speed growth to a stage of high-quality development. It is more important to control the bottom line and enhance efficiency in spatial resource allocation and fine-grained management of territorial spaces. However, the current planning system in China has a situation of multiple co-existence and confusion, which leads to wasted social resources, low efficiency of space management and unhealthy development of the economy and society. “Multi-plan integration” integrates all kinds of planning related to space use into one blueprint, which provides a comprehensive idea for solving the problems resulted from the technical system, management system and institutional system in the current planning system. In the process of evolution from urban planning to urban and rural planning, “multi-plan integration” has gone through three stages. The early stage is characterized by spontaneous exploration. Various plans are coordinated and connected according to the requirements of laws and regulations. However, due to the vague operational details, they are often unable to be followed. In the second stage, although “multiplan integration” receives a nationwide response, it is not deep enough because of the lack of mechanism guarantee. In the third stage, that is, at present, “multi-plan integration” has become a framework throughout the whole process of territorial spatial planning where “multiplan integration” plays a key role in building the new space planning system and rely on the information platform to facilitate planning implementation for the goal of dynamic updating of a blueprint. Although the “multi-plan integration” is different from territorial spatial planning in the proposed time, specific methods and development direction, their original mission, essential requirements and final vision are coincide, both of which are to build an orderly space planning system and realize a blueprint to the end. With the reform of national institutions and the promotion of ecological civilization construction, “multi-plan integration”, as a working method, is a platform and carrier for stitching up various spatial planning relationships, and runs through the whole process of territorial spatial planning. The prelude to the spatial planning reform triggered by the “multi-plan integration” has begun, and with the advancement of the five-level and three-type territorial space planning system, it has entered a golden age. “Multi-plan integration” will run through the entire process of territorial spatial planning, and play three roles in the overall advancement of work: means, process, and goals. “Multiplan integration” has become the core means of territorial space planning and the binder of all kinds of plans. On the basis of inheriting and developing all kinds of plans, “multi-plan integration” has been integrated into the new spatial planning system. “Multi-plan integration”is the implementation process of territorial spatial planning. Relying on the information platform of “multi-plan integration”, the implementation of territorial spatial planning is adjusted in time through the establishment of implementation steps and supervision feedback system combining the whole and distribution to ensure the smooth operation of the planning. “Multi-plan integration” is also the realistic goal of territorial spatial planning to achieve a blueprint, sustainable and dynamic renewal. In a narrow sense, territorial spatial planning itself is characterized by “multi-plan integration”, which has completed the mission of resolving planning conflicts, and fully integrated into the territorial spatial planning system to form its blood line. However, in the new era, “multi-plan integration” will be extended to water conservancy, municipal administration, transportation and other fields beyond the space planning from the broad sense. “Multi-plan integration” is the proper meaning of innovative green development. It is highly coordinated with the strategic goal of the new urbanization. Meanwhile, it is an important topic to promote planning transformation and sustainable development. The construction of new urbanization puts forward new requirements for the territorial spatial planning system, sticking to the urbanization of people as the core, establishing social equity thinking, narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas, promoting the overall development capacity and level, realizing the integration of urban and rural areas. This process is interdisciplinary, complexed and realistic. So it needs to strengthen the strong support of “multi-plan integration”, draw lessons from the previous “multi-plan integration” led by various departments, and start from the perspective of multi-discipline, multi-objective and more comprehensive. It is necessary to enhance the integration of multiple disciplines and multi-professional cooperation to provide strong support for the construction of new urbanization. The territorial spatial planning emphasizes the formulation of practical village planning with “multi-plan integration” beyond the boundaries of urban development, and the proper consideration of the integration of urban and rural areas in terms of configuration and standards. In other words, “multi-plan integration” is taken as a platform for the integration of urban and rural areas for comprehensive research to strengthen the unity of urban planning and rural planning, promote coordination in industrial agglomeration, infrastructure construction, ecological protection and other aspects, and realize the rational flow of urban and rural resources, boost rural revitalization and promote ecological progress.

Abstract:Territorial spatial planning refers to the integration of space resources, utilization and protection behavior of a comprehensive strategic plan, but there are some contradictions in the technical specifications and all kinds of planning administrative system on the current, space planning reproduction is the key to solve the problem of previous planning all kinds of overlapping. The base map of spatial planning is not only the result of the projection of multiple plans on space, but also the first step of the compilation of new territorial space planning. It runs through the whole process of the decomposition and implementation of the goals of territorial space planning. The realization of “multi-planning” in spatial planning requires a unified and standard spatial planning base map, which can provide basic data for the division of urban, agricultural and ecological space and the accurate delineation of boundaries, as well as technical support for the refinement of spatial control zoning in relevant planning. With its advantages of objectivity, current situation and refinement, geographical data can be used as an important data source for the compilation of the base map of territorial space planning based on the integration of related numbers. To this end, first of all, it illustrates the planning in the planning period and scope, basic information, space control zoning, in the competent planning departments, planning ideas, planning priorities and other technical norms and administrative systems, the content of the planning conflict, management and control space overlap, the examination and approval departments and so on. Then, with the universality of the geographical conditions governed all planning data and the advantage of coordination characteristics, from the coverage of space elements and classification mechanism, it is the objective unity of the surface entity description, data itself has a lot of similarities, basic can do surface coverage of one to one correspondence, explore the geographic data to a third party the identity of the state of the auxiliary in the three adjustable data service on the feasibility of space formulation of reproduction and bridging, and thus for the scientific and reasonable data fusion reproduction. Finally, data collection, data coordinates and format conversion are controlled from the source. Then, it adopts the classification idea of partition correspondence first and detailed correspondence later to connect the data classification. On the basis of classification and integration of all kinds of planning data, double evaluation of spatial development suitability, three-zone and three-line definition, and construction of planning management platform are carried out in turn to form the base map database of spatial planning, so as to realize real-time, dynamic and efficient connectivity of multi-department planning information. It’s expected that it will provide reliable and scientific reference for the compilation of the base map of “multi-planning” space planning

Abstract:Under the background of knowledge globalization and the decline of architectural heroism, local knowledge and culture are becoming more and more important within the trend. From universality to particularity, people should turn their focus from outside world to their surrounding environment, customs and living habits. 　　The local knowledge which forms the background of architecture includes geology, local humanities, local history, site’s topography, local law, local psychology, wind force, earthquake force, geography and local chronicles, etc,. In the local history, there are experiences of urban management and urban reconstruction. Meanwhile, urban space can be used as tools of teaching and learning to figure out how is the space, how is the relationship between the historical houses and street, how to achieve comfort of a building, how is the construction organization and urban management operated, and how was the ownership at that time and so on. Unfortunately, we’ve always stayed in the unconsciousness and ignorance of these spaces that we live in for a long time, therefore we also don’t understand the relationship between them and human history. 　　The establishment of local architecture needs to be explained from the following points: firstly, from the perspective of architectural review system, “local architecture” should not only face the professional social affairs of the construction itself, but also need a good environment for social participation to train the basic architectural knowledge of the public, and form a more fair architectural criticism under the condition of society that can offer a fair examination of the work of architects without prejudice. The architectural criticism can only be fair under the background of such public knowledge and has the significance of promoting the quality of the architect’s work. 　　Secondly, from the perspective of architectural education, the most important thing for local architecture is the educational resources of the local architecture college. They study the local natural climate, urban environment, cultural background, local history, local chronicles, folk culture, dialect, local cuisine, etc., thus building an architectural education system and courses structure with locality. In the process of learning local knowledge, these specific courses can also offer a “universal” knowledge system from specific knowledge to abstract theory about the essence of architecture. When facing differences in different places,architectural students can still establish a set of working methods for local through their own architectural training in school. Not only that, the students who are trained by the architecture education based on the local education will have stronger adaptability and research spirit. 　　Thirdly, beyond the projects, comments and education, the most important thing for local architecture is the vitality and continuity of the academic in the society. Every local architectural institution needs to learn how to establish an academic platform for professional architects by using social resources and social relations, and also should establish a professional architectural criticism system to maintain its ability of thinking of society in architectural design. In order to promote the design and service quality of design institutions, local architectural associations are suggested to organize exhibitions of works of design to show the value and process of their architectural design work, not only to offer exhibitions and exchanges in professional fields, but also to create the possibility of dialogue with the public. Therefore, the local architecture association should be a media organization for the professional field, and even play a more active role in publishing and communication. At the government level, local architectural association, as a professional platform, should also be more efficient in organizing and forming think-tanks. It is more significant for a large professional and responsible architect group to participate in the decision-making of urban construction. In terms of policymaking, the architectural society should be able to organize experts to provide effective suggestions. 　　Fourthly, the local architecture industry association must bear the responsibility of building a fair and healthy industry environment under the healthy development of the industry ecology. It is the maker of profession standards, the sanction of chaos and the promoter of the healthy industry environment. The architecture industry is more like an ecological chain, from finance to professional management, from design and production to product supply, from management to construction, from professional service to operation service and so on. There are professionals and professional institutions in various position of ecological chain in the construction industry. Therefore, a platform must be established to gather these people and institutions efficiently. 　　In conclusion, the locality of architecture is not only reflected in the architectural form of a place, it is more likely to be an organizational system of social affairs which established under the collection and cooperation of architecture, local architects, clients, local architecture college, architectural criticism, public, general education, local architectural association, local government, culture, city and local villages. This system is not closed or unchangeable. It may renew with the change of local culture. Such a system needs a close link between one affair and another. Under the efficient organization of social affairs, it can guarantee the perfect operation of the system and assist with the universal knowledge to shape our world today

Abstract:In recent years, problems have arisen in rural construction and cultural development in Northwest China with the rapid urbanization. There is a tradition of constructing earth buildings in Northwest China, where earth construction is still common in rural areas. However, villagers influenced by urban culture regard raw earth construction as a symbol of poverty and thus admire residence in fancy modern style. Poordesigned buildings trying to imitate the city residence forms spread in villages and towns, and consequently the disorder of the built environment has also aggravated the decline of regional culture. The strategy of rural revitalization and the general requirements of it are put forward in the report of the 19th Communist Party of China National Congress. Within the context of rural revitalization, how to find suitable solutions for the urbanrural complex to solve the "rural disease" of multi-systems consisted of culture, space and ecology promoting the sustainable development of both urban and rural areas has aroused new attention. Earth construction has both cultural and ecological characteristics, and may become a breakthrough point to solve these problems. At present, the domestic research on raw earth architecture mainly focuses on four aspects: the first is the investigation and analysis of the current situation of raw earth architecture in terms of spatial forms and construction modes, focusing on the study of regional architectural types and characteristics; the second is the exploration of new-type earth architecture design, focusing on the application of new technologies and forms in the practice of modern raw earth buildings; the third is research on technical improvement aiming at the defects of poor seismic and waterproofing performance of raw earth materials, focusing on the technical means of improving mechanical properties, such as material modification and structure reinforcement; the fourth is the review and case study of raw earth culture, education, laws and regulations, focusing on the research and promotion of raw earth architecture. Current research provides theoretical assistance and technology for the development of earth construction, but it often focuses on architecture itself or a subdivision (such as materials, forms, etc.) and lacks macro-thinking on the rural areas where earth construction is widely distributed. How to transform the theoretical research achievements of earth construction into the real motive force to solve rural problems is still a blank in the current research, but there is no doubt about the value of it. In the context of rural revitalization, aiming at the practical problems of rural development, through field research, literature review, case studies and other methods to extract the advantages of local traditional dwellings, drawing lessons from advanced technology and educational experience at home and abroad, this paper puts forward the strategies of eco-livable development and regional cultural inheritance in Northwest China with earth construction as the breakthrough point, and takes Tongwei County, Dingxi, as an example to demonstrate how to work it under the guidance of this framework. Strategies are recommended including to extract the ecological characteristics of local traditional dwellings, to optimize earth material performances and building structure by means of engineering technologies and therefore maximizing the benefits of ecological and social sustainability. In order to promote regional culture, it is suggested that the cultural characteristics of earth dwellings could be condensed as the basis of design and construction, and inserting technological research, green education and artistic activities into rural areas can activate the endogenous power of native culture, and proper systems of laws and regulations can support culture development. It is hoped that these strategies can help not only inherit the ecological and cultural characteristics of traditional earth construction, but also construct stable and beautiful residential buildings with new technologies, inherit and innovate regional culture in a new way, and thus meet the pursuit of livability and sustainability.

Abstract:The urbanization rate has increased from 17.92% in 1978 to 58.52% in 2017 since China’s reform and opening up. The rapid urbanization and unreasonable resource utilization has resulted in various ecological and environmental problems such as surface vegetation deterioration, urban flood disaster, water loss and soil erosion, soil pollution, black and smelly water and so on. In recent years, China has carried out extensive work in many areas of ecological restoration such as water pollution control, soil pollution control, soil erosion repair, and has achieved significant results. For example, the ecological restoration and management of open-air abandoned mines in Beijing, Huangshi, Shanghai and other places, the attempts to control water pollution in Taihu Lake of Jiangsu Province, the Dian Lake of Yunnan Province, Dongting Lake of Hunan Province and other areas. However, economic development and natural resource characteristics vary in different regions of China, and ecological restoration involves multiple stakeholders and the interests of all parties are complex. At the same time, the construction of laws and regulations such as environmental protection and ecological restoration in China is relatively lagging behind, which makes China’s ecological restoration and environmental improvement work still facing many challenges. In 2018, the Ministry of Natural Resources was established to strengthen the management of various natural resources such as natural mountains, rivers and lakes, forests, farmlands, wetlands, grassland, etc., and unified the exercise of all national space ecological protection and restoration duties. China’s ecological restoration work has entered a new historical period. In the context of the establishment of the Ministry of Natural Resources in China, the study sorts out the development process of ecological restoration in Germany. The construction of ecological restoration system in Germany has mainly experienced three stages: early stage of industrialization, rapid industrialization and late stage of industrialization. From the restoration of single land to the establishment of legislation and planning system, to the reconstruction of ecosystem, the construction of ecological restoration system has been continuously improved in practice. It is also concluded that the foundation of the establishment of the German ecological restoration system is to satisfy the local government’s high degree of autonomy. It has not introduced a comprehensive ecological restoration laws and regulations that accommodate various types of ecological restoration and restoration requirements. Instead, the states combine local practices and have a focus on local ecological restoration regulations and regulations. The principles and directions for ecological restoration at the federal government level are implemented by the state governments according to local ecological environment status and economic development stages. At the spatial planning level, the ecological restoration special plan has not been separately compiled, but different types of ecological restoration content have been integrated into the spatial planning, landscape planning and construction planning of the “Federal-State-County-Municipality” level. At the level of land restoration management, the ecological restoration of Germany stipulates a strict rigorous treatment processes and supervision mechanisms according to different types of restoration such as the restoration of open-air abandoned mines, the restoration of industrial land, and the restoration of soil pollution. The main institutions and agencies of implementation and supervision are also concentrated at the state and municipal levels. Through sorting out Germany’s ecological remediation process and summarizing the experience of the ecological restoration system construction in Germany, this paper attempts to put forward some theoretical reference and experience reference for the construction of ecological restoration planning system in China. Compared with the experience of German ecological restoration work and system construction, this paper mainly has three conclusions and recommendations. Recommendation 1: strengthen China’s ecological restoration legislation from the policy legislation level, fully considering the characteristics of China’s top-down administrative management system, and further clarifying the main institutions of administrative responsibility and supervision system at various levels of ecological restoration. Highlighting the autonomy of each region in ecological restoration work. Recommendation 2: Improving China’s ecological restoration planning system from the perspective of spatial planning, and building a “National-Provincial-CityDistrict-Town” five-level ecological restoration special planning system to guide the authority and focus of the main body of affairs at all levels in ecological restoration work. Recommendation 3: Strengthen the construction guidelines for the ecological restoration project of the land from the site restoration level, clarifying the multi-objective system of the ecological restoration project, and building an innovative information platform for the national ecological restoration technology to ensure the steady development of ecological restoration work.

Abstract:China is making ecological security the core issue of urban disease control. In the work of ecological restoration, it is faced with the double test of diversification of disaster causing factors and vulnerability of disaster bearing body. As an important ecological gateway facing the Bo-Hai Sea in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Tianjin is facing a severe ecological security risk situation. However, the existing research results are still in the initial stage of putting forward risk management measures based on the concept of ecological resilience. Most of the resilience evaluation is aimed at the design of refuge and evacuation places and disaster prevention engineering, so it is impossible to establish a direct connection between the resilience system and ecological security pattern, and the related results are also difficult to be applied in the level of urban planning and management. 　　Based on ecological security pattern and toughness coupling between urban development and demands, to Tianjin City as the object of empirical study, using 2005-2017, Tianjin TM/ ETM + images and ASTER GDEM data, in accordance with the basic theories of landscape ecology and analysis tools was proposed based on “Source-Flow-Sink” 3D evaluation methods of urban ecological resilience by toughness source identification, the ecological footprint accounting and minimum cumulative resistance simulation analysis of three kinds of toughness index respectively. Among them, resilience “Source” refers to the patches in the urban ecological security pattern that can provide ecological resilience services, such as vegetation buffer, habitat maintenance and water and soil conservation. The “Resilience Sink” refers to the resistance surface affecting the ecological resilience recovery, such as the scale of the built-up area, population density, etc. The resilient “Flow” refers to the safe space carrier connecting the “Source” and “Sink”, such as ecological corridor and urban form. In this way, the suggestions on improving the ecological resilience of the central urban area of Tianjin are put forward to ensure that the city has the resilience and resilience to respond to pressure or risk conditions in the face of uncertain disturbances. 　　The “Source-Flow-Sink” index analysis method is a quantitative analysis and evaluation method of resilience strength based on the research on the coordination and symbiosis among the three basic ecological resilience factors, namely urban built environment, ecological resource background and residents’ ecological footprint demand. Three kinds of resilience indexes not only restrict ea散?椠湯瑴敨湥獲椠瑢祵?漠晡?敳捯漠汤潥杣楩捤慥氠?牨敥猠楳汴楡敢湩捬敩??琠桯敦?牵敲獢楡汮椠敥湣捯敬?潧晩?捡潬渠獳瑥慣湵瑲?牴敹猠楰獡瑴慴湥捲敮?猠畔牨晲慯捵敧?椠獴?瑵潧潨?扥楳杳?琜潓?獵敲湣摥?灆牬潯灷攭牓??敫爝漠獴楨潲湥?攠捤潩汭潥杮楳捩慯汮?獬漠畩牮捤敥?愠湥摶?捬慵畡獴敩?潮映?瑯桵敮?攠捴潨污潴朠楔捩慡汮?敩湮瘠楃物潴湹洠散湥瑮?灥牲漠扳汰敡浣獥??慩湳摴?瑩潢畵杴桩?牮攬洠楥瑡?扨攠愊牧楲湯杵?猠畴牯晵慧捨敮?楳獳?瑳潴潲?獮浧慴汨氠?睮楤汥汸?捯慦甠獴敨?琠桴敨??敥挠潤汩潦杦楥捲慥汮?映潩潮瑦灬牵楥湮瑣?愠湯摮?瑵牲楢条杮攠牥?獯潬捯楧慩汣?獬攠捲略牳楩瑬祩?摮散浥愠湬摥?楥獬?琠潷潨?桮椠杴桨??獦潡?扥漠瑯桦?摰敲捯楤摵散摴?瑯潮?畳牡扦慥湴?猠灡慣瑣楩慤汥?整硳瀬愠渊獥楮潶湩?潯普?瑥桮整?獬挠慰汯敬?慵湴摩?摮椠牡敮捤琠楮潡湴?潲晡??獤慩晳敡瑳祴??????畣捨琠楡汳攠?晩汳潫眠?楴湩摬敬砠?楨獯?瑥桤攠?獥瑡慫湥摲愠牥摬?晳潴物?攠汲慥獳瑩楬捩?牮散来甬氠慣瑥楮潴湲?潬映?畩牴批愠湥?浯潬牯灧桩潣污潬朠祲??啩牬扩慥湮?浥漠牳灨桯潵汬潤朠祢?眠椊瑤桹?条潭潩摣?瑡潮畤朠档湯敮獴獩?獵桯潵畳氠摰?扯散??瑳栬攠?獭灰慨瑡楳慩汳?捯潮甠灴汯極湧杨?扥敳瑳眠攜敓湯?摲畣捥琭楆汬敯?猭潓畩牮捫攝?慥湬摥?摥畮捴瑳椠汩敮?獴楩湭步??呮桤攠?慰摡橣略猠瑳浴敲湵瑣?潵晲?甠牡扤慪湵?浴潭牥灮桴漮氊漀最楔捨慥氠?敥汳慵獬瑴楳挠楳瑨祯?猠桴潨畡汴携?渱漩琠?潨湥氠礜?捯潵湲瑣牥漭汆?瑯桷攭??摮楫猝漠牲摥敳物汬祩?敮硣灥愠湩獮楤潥湸?潳映?摥畳捴瑲楩汣整?獥楡湣歨猠??扨略瑲?慡汮獤漠?楦湦捥牣整愠獴敨?琠桲敥?湴畯浲扡整物?潮映?扦氠畵敲?条牮攠敥湣?汬慯湧摩獣捡慬瀠攊獲???牬敩敥湮督慥礮猠?愠湳摩?睧慬瑥攠物?獤祥獸琠散浡獮?獯桮潬畹氠摤?扳散?畩獢敥搠??瑥漠?整湲牥楮捧桴?琠桯敦?捵潲浢灡潮猠楥瑣楯潬湯?潩晣?畬爠扲慥湳?摬畩捥瑮楣汥攠?獡潣畴牯捲敳猬?慳湯搠?楮浬灹爠潴癨敥?瑣桯敭?敩汮慡獴瑩楯据?慯摦愠灴瑨慲瑥楥漠湩?瑤潥?瑥桳攠?散硡灮愠湤獥楴潥湲?潩普?搠畴捨瑥椠汳整?獢楩湬歩獴? of urban ecological security pattern. 2) That the source of toughness index is the condition of ecological safety threshold is defined, and the toughness of the Tianjin City center source safety threshold should be kept in the range of 1.5 2, the lower the toughness index of source suggests that city construction the more serious the damage to the natural ecological environment, once broke the minimum safety threshold, the steady state will be difficult to restore the ecological environment system. Therefore, the change of resilience source index should be carefully treated as the primary condition to ensure urban ecological security. 3) The resilience sink index is the bottleneck of the safe expansion of urban space and can represent the ecological footprint or ecological consumption intensity of residents under different urban densities. Tianjin City center toughness index should be maintained in the average level of 0.22 to ensure the sustainability of the urban construction, once the Td>0.35 breakthrough will lead to incremental construction ecological environment capacity and greatly reduce th

Abstract:The first part of the paper is the research review and phenomenon description, it introduces the research background and research questions, describes the development process, allocation practice, and practical dilemma of policy-based housing. Under the market economy in China, the allocation of residential land for policy-based housing is a crucial guarantee for middleand low-income residents to live in the city. A large number of policy-based housing allocations began in 2007. Under the premise of the nationalization of land ownership, the government provides tax incentives, financial support, land supply priority, land price restriction, and other policies to guide market participants in policy-based housing allocation. Essentially, the policy-based housing allocation is a way of using planning methods to achieve “planning gain”. The administrative departments grant planning permission, and the market provides funds for construction to make up for the negative externalities caused by the development of commercial housing to urban transportation, municipal facilities, and other aspects, and to restore the public interests. 　　The second part of the paper is the characteristics identification and mechanism analysis, clarifying the capital logic of the market allocation model of policy-based housing, and analyzing the influence mechanism of the allocation subject. Although the policy-based housing allocation realizes the housing mix of different social classes, avoids the problems of residential differentiation and social isolation, it also can cause social contradictions due to the differentiated supply of public services. The paper holds that the current market allocation model is a kind of capital logic of “commercial housing for policy-based housing” with the task-based supply thinking. From the role analysis, it regards the local government as the “operator” who supplies the urban residential land, and also the “person liable” who supervises the policy-based housing. The real estate developer pays the land transfer fee, is the “investor” who uses the residential land, and is also the “implementer” who constructs the policy-based housing. Both policy-based housing owners and commercial housing owners are passively accepting marginalized roles. 　　The third part of the paper is strategy response and research expansion. To coordinate and arrange the long-term development of low and middle-income residents and sustainable urban development, it puts forward the strategies of innovating the market allocation model and appropriately extends the role of local government and market subject. It emphasizes that the role participation of “residents” should be strengthened in the allocation process. Aiming at the sustainable development of “growth coalition”, local governments should

Abstract:In view of the fact that the current lighting planning of night scene ignores the huge economic potential contained in the construction of city night scene, the paper try to avoid the mistake of landscape design for the sake of landscape. 　　On the one hand, with the increasing proportion of urban night economy in the overall urban economy, Chinese cities are becoming an almost all-weather city. There are some unique functions and characteristics in time and space. At the same time, new requirements for urban development and construction are put forward. For example, with the booming economy at night, what changes should be made to urban planning? How to carry out urban management? In the emphasis on sustainable development today, night as an indispensable metabolic link in the process of urban life, what impact on the overall development of the city? For this series of questions, we do not have a clear answer. Therefore, it is an urgent task to carry on the systematic research on the urban night economy to promote the rational and healthy development of the city. 　　On the other hand, with the rapid development of domestic tourism, the tourism industry of our country has changed from the stage of sightseeing tourism to the stage of holiday tourism, and the era of experience economy is coming, and tourism consumers are eager to get deeper satisfaction from leisure vacation. However, at present, the social and economic development of many small and medium-sized tourist cities in Guangxi lags behind, and the supporting facilities of tourism are not perfect, which cannot meet the market demand brought by the development and transformation of the tourism industry. Therefore, it is urgent to analyze, study and put forward feasible strategies in order to promote the development of small and medium-sized tourist cities in Guangxi. 　　Under this dual background, the author analyzes and studies the supporting facilities of night tourism in small and medium-sized tourist cities in Guangxi based on the professional perspective of urban planning. This paper introduces the strategy of urban economy at night, optimizes the supporting facilities of urban tourism, excavates the productivity of cities at night, and stimulates the economic vitality of small and medium-sized tourist cities at night. It can not only meet the market demand under the current tourism industry transformation, but also promote the sustainable economic development of local cities. It will be of great significance to many small and medium-sized tourist cities in Guangxi, which are rich in tourism resources but limited by location and economy. 　　This paper puts forward the introduction of landscape economic strategy into the planning process of landscape lighting in small and medium-sized tourism cities in the west, taking the construction of night scene lighting as an opportunity, from the market-oriented operation of landscape lighting facilities layout, “point-axis” development theory to focus on building, The industrial chain linkage development night tourism development three aspects, realizes the city environment quality optimization, the economic benign development win-win effect. And take Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County of Liuzhou City as an example to carry on the concrete analysis.Taking the Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County of Liuzhou City as an example for specific analysis

Abstract:Shrinkage not only happens in cities, but also in small towns. The better plan will avoid the emerging shrinkage in the coming future as the better doctor can cure illness when it burgeoning. Shrinking cities exist all over the world, especially in developed countries. Smart shrinkage has been taken by the planners and city governors to address the knotty problems caused by shrinking. What can we learn from the smart shrinkage? Is there any possibility to avoid the potential shrinking cities and towns as China still have much space to advance its urbanization rate? 　　China’s central agricultural areas, with high rural population density, is the typical shrinking region. It is urgent to guide the development of towns under the concept of smart shrinkage. Firstly, China’s urbanization policies encourage small towns, but they face many dilemmas with less resilience to confront shrinkage. Secondly, urbanization rate is lower than the average, which gives planners opportunities and time to tackle the shrinking problems. Besides, the rural families begin to purchase houses outside villages, and the nearby cities and towns also step into the period of expansion after a prolonged period of stagnation. 　　Two reasons for paying more attention to the towns in central agricultural areas are as follows: 1) there are relatively less studies of urban-rural planning focusing on the underdeveloped central region; 2) there are still none studies in the discourse of smart shrinkage and shrinking cities from the perspective of solutions of avoiding shrinkage in advance. 　　Eastern Henan Plain is a typical traditional agricultural area and a distinguished shrinking region where shrinkage ratio by registered and resident population is 20.73%. Yucheng is a county of Eastern Henan Plain with 25 towns and a population of 1.13 million. Reasons for selecting Yucheng as the case are as follows: 1) its urbanization rate is lower (37.33%) and its shrinkage ratio is higher (26.32%) than the average rate of Eastern Henan Plain; 2) more and more rural residents are willing to purchase houses outside instead of constructing in villages,therefore the nearby cities and towns have entered into a period of rapid expansion. 3) after 2010, new shopping streets and commercial-residential buildings are built and shrinking problems have started to emerge; 4) the towns have diverse peripherality. 　　Firstly, we classify the towns into urban landscape and village landscape and find that the urban landscape only accounts for 32.64% which indicates that the scale of town is more approach to villages. There is no industrial park except one town and most of the enterprises are scattered alongside highways rather than concentrating in towns. Provincial highways contribute most to the towns. It is difficult to upgrade the low-end retailing because of the depopulation. The towns lack attractive force in terms of population and industry agglomeration, and thus new constructions are over supplied and most of them are vacant, unfinished and decaying. All of these contribute to the decline in the quality of street spaces. 　　Secondly, by combing the detailed strategies of smart shrinkage, we classify them into three scopes: governance concept change, built environment optimization and development strategy improvement. The scale and its urban basic conditions are the two dominating factors that determine which strategy to be chosen. After all, backing to rightsizing is the main approach of smart shrinkage. Then, theoretical connotation of smart shrinkage is stated. Smart Shrinkage is a development concept that focus more on public welfare than on the growth, and held the view that small is acceptable and growth is not always the indictor of healthy cities, towns and villages. The reality of the cities and towns must be respected when planners making planning goals. Rightsizing can be achieved by shrinking in population, construction and land. 　　This article predicts the shrinking model of towns in Yucheng, Eastern Henan Plain is the delay of “quality of space-population amount of construction”. It means that declining in the quality of space happens firstly, then population and then amount of construction. We define the shrinkage begins with depopulation, then others as “forward shrinkage”, and the one start with decaying space quality but not depopulation as “inverse shrinkage”. “Inverse shrinkage” happens in the period when the population still has potential to growth and the main reason resulting in the shrinkage is the oversupply of construction. 　　Finally, the optimization strategies are proposed from five perspectives including development concept, construction, the role of town, public service facilities and planning management. This paper argues that the towns in the plain agricultural areas have weak population agglomeration ability. Urbanization in this area should adopt the concept of smart shrinkage and smart growth and prudently carry out development and construction. In addition, it is not suitable to carry out local urbanization in small towns, otherwise, the shrinkage of small towns is likely to occur in the future.

Abstract:This paper describes the author’s academic investigations into domestic and foreign human settlement environment in the past 20 years, and shows the condition of research objects in the way of text and architectural sketches. The paper discusses academic perspectives from three sections. 　　The first section is experience of inhabitation: the academic origin and its cognitive process. The author realized the splendor of the world’s architectural space and urban cultural sites from his study, going abroad and work experience. A book named “A Visiting Human Settlements of the World: Dr. Zhao Wanmin’s Architecture Sketches”, written in the author’s spare time, documents the author’s understanding of various urban and built environments during his study and visits in more than 20 years at domestic and abroad. The author has benefited a lot from this kind of comparative study and local experience, as different regions, cities or countries present distinct social, cultural, and folk customs. 　　The second section is urban-architectural sketch: the academic and cultural literacy of researchers. As a kind of painting art, the urban and architectural sketch, is not only an expression of emotions, but also a record of time and space. It is not only a painting work, but also a historical material, and has substantially distinguishments between the simple painting arts. For urban and architectural sketches, in addition to the unity, structure, and artistry of the picture, the freshness, fluency, and sense of locality are also key expression contents. The creation of a good urban and architectural sketch will leave the researcher a deep special understanding and memory of the environment, and help the researcher understand the relationship between the cultural and ecological connotation of urban and architecture, and thus enhancing the researcher’s cognition of academic literacy and art knowledge. 　　The last section is making trip further and reading a lot: the experience of human settlement environment and space. This section contains the author’s reflections on urban at domestic and abroad. The foreign parts include European countries such as Greece, Italy, France, Britain and Turkey, as well as Japan and Southeast Asia. The domestic part includes Chongqing and the Three Gorges area, the ancient town of Bayu, the minority communities in western Sichuan, and the cities and regions in the north and south of the country. Academic visits are both fun and hurried. Facing the rich and extensive cities and architectural museums, as a professional scholar, the author fully enjoys the comparative joy of traveling through different cities, folk customs, and architectural cultures, and the beauty of the living environment. 　　The paper proposes that by investigating and comparing domestic and foreign history, culture, society, cities and architecture, scholars in architecture, urban planning, and landscape architecture areas can improve their understanding of cultural forms in human settlements environment and architectural aesthetics, absorb academic nutrition, and finally apply the knowledge to work and practice of today’s urban and rural construction.