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Abstract:The current conservation work of Nanjing, a famous historic and cultural city, is at a rather complicated state. On the one hand, the 30-year constant protection has made the conservation planning more and more perfect; on the other hand, the conservation work confronts with much pressure in reality such as urban modernization and old city renewal. Consequently, it is urgent that we step out of the current state which is dominated by specialized departments and experts, and convert from a merely technical level to a macroscopically social and economic level, and explore the conservation thought, strategy and approach of famous historic and cultural city from multi-dimensional perspectives under the background of new urbanization. Based on this view, the paper summarizes the development process of the establishment work of the previous three versions of conservation planning of the famous historic and cultural city Nanjing, and analyzes the realistic background of large-scale development and the old city renewal of Nanjing, and then discusses the problems in the conservation work and their causes. Moreover, some new planning suggestions are also put forward in the aspects of position and function of Nanjing as a famous historic and cultural city, pattern protection, evacuation policy and protection mechanism, from the perspective of cultural inherence under new urbanization.

Abstract:Focused on realistic problems of the spatial and functional conversion of Chinese historic towns during the new urbanization period, the article puts forward the preservation thought based on motivations of urban culture, through the analysis of internal causes of urban culture. In the four aspects of human settlement culture and living space, functional culture and functional space, historic culture and archeological site space and spiritual culture and humanity space, the article discusses specific preservation strategies concerning preservation and inheritance, hoping to enrich theories of the existing methodologies on the preservation of historic towns.

Abstract:This article summarizes the characteristics of urban spatial layout of cultural and creative industries in Chaoyang District of Beijing by analyzing the enterprise data. The characteristics are as follows: inconspicuous demand for massive concentrated urban space from small and medium-sized enterprises, the close relationship between industrial cluster and the urban development level, the significant impact of vital fictional unit on industrial cluster, the phenomenon that cultural creative industry of production type gathers in low rent districts, and the impact of policies on the industry distribution. The Chaoyang case indicates that the key factors, including the level of local development, the location of the key units in the industrial chain and rent, affect the distribution of cultural and creative industries under the mutual influence of market and policy. Rethinking the cluster promoting policies, this article proposes that the policies, as the complementary part for the market mechanism, should narrow to some specific district to make sure its efficiency.

Abstract:Under the background of new urbanization and the bottom-up approach of community governance, community culture can be constructed effectively, started with cultivation of community identity, which can also contribute to the formation of basic urban culture unit in some specific areas. According to the synthesis of the studies from different subjects at home and abroad, “participation” and “interaction” are the primary accesses to the cultivation of community identity. This article mainly uses methods of literature review, comparative study and in-depth interview to search for the strategies of community identity cultivation basing on two typical communities in Amoy which can be classified into local community and migrant community. The authors propose that local community should give priority to the demand and supply of public infrastructure and public space as well as the construction of the interactive platform for all kinds of community cultural activities, while migrant community should give priority to the transformation of management mode and the realization of equal public services due to the heterogenicity and the mobility. Also, migrant community could construct interactive platform between community and enterprise to enable the latter play a role in activities organization and services provision so that a sound community cultural atmosphere could be created.

Abstract:New-Type Urbanization Planning for Provinces is an emerging regional planning practice, the emergence and development of which are closely linked with two phrases: characteristic of Chinese urbanization and the transformation of national urbanization strategy. The stability and diversity of province and the connecting status of provincial government determine the special value, constitution form and main content of the New- Type Urbanization Planning for Provinces. In the aspect of constitution form, it is the recombination of purposeful strategic planning, integrated comprehensive planning and innovative policy planning. In the aspect of main content, it should response and deepen the main content and focus of National New-Type Urbanization Plan on the one hand, and on the other hand, it should do some innovations based on the special development conditions and demands of each province.

Abstract:Taking Xingcun Town as an example, this paper analyzed the construction of mountainous cities and towns, and set up the corresponding mode in consideration of cultural gene and vein. Based on its typical development elements and functions, this paper defined regional brands and orientation of Xingcun Town. Under the guidance of township orientation, this paper paid attention to the analysis of its economy development, spatial characteristic and structure, and guided to the construction mode of “Tea-Culture-Tourism” coordination.

Abstract:In the practice of post-disaster reconstruction of Caojia Village in Baoxing County, Sichuan Province, the planning team makes “less is more” the working principle based on the understanding of Proposal on the Conservation and Development of Village Cultural Landscapes, eco-museum and villager’s self-governance. Self-evaluation, self-coordinating, self-planning, self-development and local community re-organization are the key issues of the reconstruction planning. With the help of local reconstruction committee and development committee, the reconstruction work becomes the representative of post-disastre reconstruction.

Abstract:Known as the contemporary avant-garde architect in Japan, Sou Fujimoto’s explorations of architectural theory and practice reveals his unique understanding of the relationship between space and human behavior. In this paper, a further interpretation of Fujimoto’s design concept and architecture will be investigated by analyzing his architectural starting point and inspiration from a nonlinear perspective. In the first place, this paper indicates how nonlinear studies subvert the traditional mode of thinking. Furthermore, with the traditional aesthetic elements “order” as the starting point, this paper will further investigate Fujimoto’s rational architecture, which is based on his deep understanding of classical order. Finally, this paper analyzes Fujimoto’s work from different perspectives such as function, space, order as well as place, and summaries his concept and method of “weak architecture”, which can be regarded as the inspiration for the diversified development of contemporary architectural expression and creative thinking.

Abstract:In order to deal with the environmental crisis and ease international pressure on carbon reduction, construction industry should use carbon emissions assessment tool to detect "hot spots" and take actions to reduce carbon emissions. However, the lacking for standards and databases of carbon footprint evaluation hindered the implementation of carbon reduction in China’s construction industry. In October 2014, the Low Carbon Building Alliance (LCBA) of Taiwan province, China, created the first carbon footprint building certification system. By learning the experience of Taiwan province, this study presents the carbon reduction strategies for China’s construction industry, listed as follows: establishing the operational phase of residential buildings detailed assessment system in priority and focusing on reducing the carbon emissions of the residential building’s operational phase; dealing with some phases of high carbon emissions and little economic contribution in priority to ensure economic growth; establishing the carbon footprint assessment standards and related databases adapting to the situation of the mainland of China; balancing operability and accuracy of assessment system to promote efficient assessment of early implementation.

Abstract:As a representative figure of the stylistic restoration principle, Eugène Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc found that the beauty of architecture comes from its own structure, and the rationality of structure is the foundation of the building, through his own practice and survey. Therefore, he highly praised the restoration theory based on rational thoughts and the Gothic Revival. He continuously put his methods into practice within restoration projects. Meanwhile, he also spread the idea through a large library of books and paintings which had a great impact on the style of new high-tech, Art Nouveau and structure rationalism. This paper tries to discuss the essence of Eugène Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc’s rational thoughts and its relationship with other theories at different times and in different places. Furthermore, the impact of his thoughts on representative figures of the early Modern Movement such as Anatole de Baudot, Auguste Perret and Le Corbusier will also be discussed.

Abstract:The conservation and reusing model of the Tianzifang is the bottom–up conservation and reusing practices participated by ordinary citizens, shop owners and enterprises. However, the new interest allocation mechanism has been causing tensions and predicaments. The research carries out an empirical investigation on the situation of the commercial and residential mixture during the conservation and reusing practices of the Tianzifang. Meanwhile, the analysis and interpretation are carried out on its dilemma and conflict in the perspective of property right proposed by new institutional economists—Barzel Y. and Coase R. H. Furthermore, the conclusion can be drawn that the prime reason that causes the conflict of commercial and residential mixture lies in the fact that the property right of its living space has been re-delineated during the process of the conservation and reusing practice of the Tianzifang. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the property rights of the Tianzifang historical district will offer new opportunities to solve the conflict on spatial interests.

Abstract:The restriction of topographical height difference in mountain cities results in the poor connectivity and the fragmented open space. Because of the topography and geology, the frequency of secondary disasters is high. Aiming at the characteristic of spatial layout in mountain cities, it analyzes the elements of open space for disaster prevention and preliminarily classifies each element. Comprehensively exploring the influencing factor of disaster prevention space layout in mountain cities, it proposes the differences of composition and evaluation criteria in open space for disaster prevention in mountain cities. It takes the Changshou district as an example, and puts forward the optimization strategies of open space for disaster prevention in mountain cities and the evaluation criteria fitting for the characteristic of mountain cities. It is expected that it will provide theoretical references for further open space planning of disaster prevention in mountain cities.

Abstract:With the accelerated development of urbanization in China, a new phenomenon of “town village” gradually emerges. The physical form of settlements in “town village” is changing, and the rural collective memory is gradually vague affected by cities and towns owing to the characteristics of “town village”. The problems brought about by the fact that “town village” is neither town nor village have strong impacts on the renewal and development of rural area. Basing on the practical needs of village development and continuing the trend of local history and culture, the paper takes the research of Zhongcun Village in Moganshan Town as an example, and puts forwards the reconstruction and build strategy of remodeling the rural collective memory of “town village”, hoping to stimulate the vitality and motivation of settlement renewal, and promote its sustainable development in the aspects of material, ecology, culture, social, etc.

Abstract:The paper expects that the spatial path of urbanization in China’s relatively developed areas will turn from "incremental expansion" to "stock land reinvigoration". By choosing a hub site in Daliang Street, Ningbo as the research object, the paper then analyzes and summarizes some possible typical problems in the reinvigoration process of metropolitan center. Learning from the international advanced experience and research methods, the paper then proposes specific planning and design strategies in stock land optimization, composite function guiding, open space design, three-dimensional traffic system organization and so on, on the basis of analysis of explicit stock scale and calculation of the potential development strength. Based on the case study, the paper further discusses the characteristics and requirements of stock land reinvigoration, and proposes appropriate planning and design principles, methods and follow-up studies.

Abstract:The decline of cities is a complicated process and a sign that the city is at the turning point from flourish to decadence in its developing circle. Due to the diversity of regional factors and predisposing factors, the characteristics, forms and effects of the declined cities are unique. At present, researches in China on decline of cities are mainly concentrated on the macro level and still in the initial stage. First of all, this paper undertakes a summary of the findings from researches on the decline of cities. The paper then chooses the mountainous city which is full of distinctive features as the research object, and analyzes the recession phenomenon of mountainous city in the aspects of the geological and ecological changes, and then discusses the inner mechanism of this phenomenon, in order to figure out some repair methods for declined mountainous cities of this kind, hopping to provide reference for mountainous cities when dealing with the problems such as the geological and ecological changes and decline.

Abstract:Based on the analysis of characteristics of mountainous residential districts, department visits, field reconnaissance, questionnaire survey and interviews were adopted to collect the emissions data of sample residential districts. After constructing the carbon emissions measurement model, the correlation between the carbon emissions data and planning elements was analyzed, including technical elements such as land use, spatial layout, construction, road, greenbelt, and social elements like income, degree, community propaganda education and so on. Combined with the residential carbon emissions structure analysis, the key elements and strategies that can contribute to the low-carbon planning of mountainous residential districts are discussed.

Abstract:The current community planning is mainly motor traffic oriented, in which there are general problems, such as pedestrian network being fragmented, pedestrian environment gradually deteriorating, and pedestrian safety becoming more endangered. The enhancement of the walkability of residential community, which are the main living space of the residents, has a great positive effect on promoting the vigor of community, reducing environment pollution, and improving the health status of residents. Firstly, this paper summarizes the key elements inf luencing the community walkability based on the literature review, and analyses the existing problems of the methodologies of walkability measurement. Secondly, the measuring index system of community walkability is identified through the Delphi Method and field research, and the weight of the index system for community walkability is determined by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Method, then this study establishes the measurement methodology of community walkability using fuzzy comprehensive assessment. Finally, several typical residential communities in Chongqing are selected as examples to apply this method on, and then several strategies are recommended to enhance the community walkability according to the measuring results.

Abstract:It is necessary to search for three-dimensional index to evaluate the threedimensional development of the public space in residential community with high-rise and high density. The paper suggests utilize “three-dimensional open space ratio”, which takes the open air spaces into account according to a certain ratio to encourage the supply of open space. Since the residential greening effect has not been paid enough attention, the paper suggests use “green looking ratio” and “three-dimensional living vegetation volume ratio” to evaluate greening structure in residential community with high-rise and high density. Also, a living vegetation volume calculation model is set up to enhance the operability of indexes. The three-dimensional indexes make the evaluation and control of residential community planning adapt to the trend of three-dimensional development, and provide new approaches for improving high-rise and high-density residential environment.

Abstract:The guidance on urban transportation development from governments and society is extremely important. This paper attempts to demonstrate the differences between various travel modes from the exclusive prospective of subsidies. After reckoning subsidies for public transport and cars in the aspects of operation process and infrastructure construction, it gets the following result: the current fact that much more subsidies are given to cars instead of public transport would affect residents' choices of travel modes. Three suggestions are given at last. Firstly, the subsidies for cars should be decreased and even eliminated. Secondly, marketoriented parking charge method should be implemented. Thirdly, decision makers should facilitate the formulation of public transport oriented urban transportation development mode by both positive and negative efforts (i.e., subsidies and taxes).

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