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| 城市森林花园住宅的开发治理框架研究
——基于新加坡和中国香港的经验启示 |
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谢舒逸1, 刘笑晴2, 唐杰雯3, 易海4
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1.（通讯作者）：北京交通大学建筑与设计学院，副教授，shuyi.xie@bjtu.edu.cn;2.河北曲周经济开发区管理委员会，硕士研究生;3.华侨大学建筑学院，硕士研究生;4.湖南宝信云建筑综合服务平台股份有限公司，高级工程师
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| 摘要: |
| 城市森林花园住宅作为近年兴起的
新型住宅形态，是落实“好房子”理念的主
要载体之一，亦是推进住房从“住有所居”
向“住有宜居”跃升、实现生态效益与居住
品质双赢的重要举措。本文针对内地城市森
林花园住宅发展面临的法规体系缺位与管控
标准不一、权责边界模糊与协作机制不明、
规划传导不足与激励措施单一三大瓶颈，借
鉴新加坡、中国香港花园住宅在管控机制与
政策上的经验，结合内地部分城市在权责配
置与政策工具等方面的探索，提出适配内地
制度背景的开发治理框架建议，涵盖健全法
规政策、细化管控要求，深化协作机制、明
确职责分工，完善激励措施、强化引导效能
等内容，以期为城市森林花园住宅的实践提
供指导，同时丰富既有研究成果。 |
| 关键词: 城市森林花园住宅 空中花园 立
体绿化 开发治理 框架 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20250125001 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（2026JBRCW001） |
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| Research on the development and governance framework for urban forest gardenresidences: Based on the experiences of Singapore and Hong Kong |
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XIE Shuyi,LIU Xiaoqing,TANG Jiewen,YI Hai
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| Abstract: |
| Urban forest garden residences, characterized by the incorporation of sky gardens within
mid- to high-rise apartment buildings, play a pivotal role in advancing the concept of Quality
Housing. These residences do not only facilitate a transition in housing paradigms, from merely
providing a place to live to fostering a high-quality living environment, but also achieve synergistic
benefits for both ecological sustainability and residential quality. Since the launch of the inaugural
project in Chengdu in 2018, the development of such residences in mainland China has progressed
from initial conceptual exploration to practical implementation, expanding from localized pilot
initiatives to widespread to nationwide adoption. Currently, these residences have been established
across all provincial-level administrative regions and have extended to some third- and fourth-tier
cities and counties. Despite the issuance of the “Urban Forest Garden Residential Building Design
Standard” by the China Association for Engineering Construction Standardization in 2021, many
related projects do not comply with the standard’s requirements. Overall, the development of urban
forest garden residences in mainland China confronts three principal challenges: the absence of
comprehensive regulatory frameworks and inconsistent management standards; ambiguous
delineation of responsibilities coupled with inadequately defined collaboration mechanisms; and
insufficient integration of planning alongside homogeneous incentive measures. In contrast, since the
1990s, Singapore and Hong Kong have developed numerous garden residences equipped with sky
gardens to address the dual challenges of high population density and land scarcity, and have
accumulated extensive experience in the development and governance of such residences.
Specifically, Singapore’s experience encompasses a government-led, multi-stakeholder cogovernance
mechanism, stringent multi-level regulatory policies, and multi-dimensional flexible
guidance measures. Hong Kong’s experience is characterized by a management mechanism involving
collaboration between the government and industry associations, as well as comprehensive and
refined regulatory policies. It is important to note, however, that garden residences in Singapore and
Hong Kong are predominantly government-funded, whereas in mainland China, urban forest garden
residences typically operate under a market-oriented model and are positioned as premium, upgradeoriented
products. Furthermore, unlike garden residences in Singapore and Hong Kong, where
gardens serve as public open spaces, urban forest garden residences in mainland China present greater
challenges for supervision, as their gardens are located within private units. Consequently, there is an
urgent need to develop more effective regulatory policies, collaborative mechanisms, and incentive
measures. This study integrates the governance mechanisms and regulatory policies of garden
residences in Singapore and Hong Kong with the exploratory efforts of mainland Chinese cities
regarding accountability allocation and policy instruments, to propose a development governance
framework specifically tailored to the institutional contexts of mainland China. Key recommendationsof this framework include refining regulations to incorporate detailed management requirements, strengthening collaboration mechanisms through clarified
divisions of responsibility, and enhancing incentive measures to improve guidance effectiveness. Specifically, it is recommended that national-level regulations
and policies be established to standardize the definition, technical standards, planning approval procedures, ownership registration and transfer protocols, and
maintenance management responsibilities related to sky gardens. Local governments should develop regulatory and standard systems tailored to their specific
conditions, emphasizing technical standards, such as spatial parameters, safety requirements, and greening configuration, and planning management aspects,
including the clarification of calculation rules for floor area ratio, green space ratio, building spacing, and building density. Furthermore, it is advisable to
incorporate these residences into the territorial spatial planning system, encompassing master plans, specialized plans, and detailed plans. Regarding
collaboration mechanisms, it is recommended that these incorporate inter-ministerial coordination and engagement with local responsible institutions. This
should include clear delineation of the comprehensive management procedures and the responsibilities of all involved entities, including municipal departments,
property owners, and property service companies, throughout the entire process from planning approval to operation and maintenance. In terms of incentive
measures, it is recommended that local governments develop differentiated incentive policy frameworks tailored to local realities, encompassing factors such as
floor area ratio and floor area incentives, technical standards and design guidelines, market incentives and financial support, as well as demonstration projects
and awards. Additionally, the exploration of a unified incentive system at regional and national levels is encouraged. Future research could advance from both
technical and institutional perspectives. For example, studies might investigate technical systems for sky gardens across various climate zones, conduct
quantitative evaluations of policy effectiveness, and examine improvements to the ownership system of sky gardens and supporting measures. Given that most
garden residences in Singapore and Hong Kong are public housing, it is significant to further analyze these models to address current limitations regarding the
target user group of urban forest garden residences and to promote the concept of inclusive housing. In conclusion, this study aims to provide a comprehensive
reference for the holistic and detailed management of urban forest garden residences, encompassing all stages from development and construction to operation,
maintenance, and supervision. Additionally, it seeks to contribute to the extant academic literature in this field. |
| Key words: urban forest garden residences sky gardens three-dimensional greening development and governance frameworks |
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