| 摘要: |
| 城市行道树是中国城市近代化进程
中的产物，其产生和推广的背景是清末民初
的市政改良运动。北京是中国近代较早自主
推行行道树种植的城市，在市政改良中开启
植树的初步实践并逐渐走向规模化、制度
化。以近代市政建设相关史料为线索，对北
京近代行道树种植事业初期的相关思想进行
梳理，对具体举措及其影响进行回溯。近代
北京的行道树运动，不仅促进了街道人本空
间的形成，又强化了现代城市道路的断面形
式，为北京近代化城市转型以及后世建设奠
定了重要基础。 |
| 关键词: 行道树 清末民初 市政改良 城
市卫生 北京市 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20241015001 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:四川省自然科学基金项目（2024NSFSC0924）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目（2023SCU12102） |
|
| Initial of roadside tree in Beijing Municipality during the municipal improvementmovement in the Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China |
|
DENG Ke
|
| Abstract: |
| Roadside tree is a product of the modernization process of Chinese cities, and its
emergence and promotion were based on the municipal reform movement in the Late Qing Dynasty
and Early Republic of China. Chinese roadside tree has existed since ancient times, but in modern
times, roadside tree has different standards and connotations. It is a management system based on
modern science such as botany and horticulture, and involve planting, irrigation, pruning as well as
maintenance techniques in modern urban construction. In the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of
China, with the need of national construction and urban development, roadside tree began to enter the
vision of countrymen, and were given the connection of “modern civilization”, so its planting idea
was constantly popularized and developed. Beijing is one of the earliest cities in modern China to
independently promote the planting of roadside trees. Beijing Municipal Office, established in the
Early Republic of China, aimed to improve municipal governance and emphasized the renovation and
upgrading of urban infrastructure. It put forward three major principles and goals of “transportation,
hygiene and aesthetics”, and made canal consolidation, road construction and urban improvement the
central tasks of various municipal projects. At the same time, it began the preliminary practice of
planting roadside trees and gradually pushed it towards scale and institutionalization. Thanks to the
extensive establishment and good preservation and dissemination of modern newspapers and
magazines, this article extensively collected first-hand historical materials on the planting of roadside
trees in Beijing Municipality. By sorting and piecing together these historical clues and information, it
presents and restores the ideas, techniques, and achievements of independent exploration and planting
of roadside trees in modern Beijing Municipality from different information dimensions. The
development of roadside tree planting in Beijing Municipality during the Late Qing Dynasty and
Early Republic of China was a result of the interweaving and overlapping effects of several objective
factors such as cognition, funding, and management system. In terms of cognition, the idea of planting
roadside trees has been popularized with the introduction of a series of new ideas, concepts, and
technologies in modern times. In terms of funding, with the gradual implementation of various reform
measures in the Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China, as well as changes in the
international situation, China’s national strength has significantly improved, providing necessary
conditions for the construction and development of cities. In terms of management system, with the
change of political power and the establishment and improvement of new municipal institutions,
coupled with a group of enlightened individuals and progressive intellectuals holding the power of
governance, a management model that can respond to new social needs has been constructed, and the
planting of roadside trees has been strongly promoted. However, the existing traditional urban pattern
and street space in Beijing Municipality, limited financial and human resources of the Municipal
Office, changes of the situation in 1928, and the southward relocation of the capital all constrained the
further promotion of roadside trees during this period. However, the initial practice and large-scale
promotion of roadside tree planting in Beijing Municipality during the Late Qing Dynasty and Early
Republic of China, greatly changed the lack of greenery in Beijing’s urban streets, promoted the
improvement of urban hygiene conditions, promoted the formation of citizens’ hygiene concepts, andfostered a positive and enterprising social atmosphere. At the same time, the use of roadside trees integrated into the modern functional urban road section form,
forming one of the basic spatial elements of modern streets and laying an important foundation for future urban construction. |
| Key words: roadside tree Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China municipal improvement movement urban sanitation Beijing Munici |
