| 摘要: |
| 在国家“双碳”目标实施的大背景
下，太阳能在建筑中的高效利用对降低二氧
化碳排放、改善室内环境热舒适性至关重
要。高层住区因较大的建筑间距和较低的建
筑密度，在太阳能利用效能提升方面具有较
高的潜力空间。本研究以济南市60 个高层住
区为例，借助Grasshopper 平台进行了参数化
建模与太阳辐射量化分析，通过现场调研、
数据分析及正交试验等研究方法，深入分析
了住区空间形态控制参数对太阳辐射接收的
影响机制。研究结果显示，建筑间距系数、
住区朝向和侧面间距是影响高层住区接收太
阳辐射的主要因素，其中建筑间距系数的影
响最为显著。通过优化设计后，相较于原有
住区，新住区空间形态下太阳辐射接收量提
高了20.8%，采暖制冷能耗降低8.7%。基于
上述结论，提出了针对济南市高层住区在规
划设计层面的空间优化设计建议，以期对济
南市未来新建高层住区的规划设计和太阳能
深度利用起到重要借鉴作用。 |
| 关键词: 高层住区 空间形态 太阳辐射 控制参数 优化设计 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240614001 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（52278024）；山东省自然科学基金面上项目（ZR2022ME015） |
|
| Research on the influence analysis and optimization design of residential space form onsolar radiation reception: Taking the high-rise residential areas in Jinan City as an example |
|
FANG Tao,ZHANG Mengduo,LIANG Yongqi,ZHANG Yaxin
|
| Abstract: |
| In the context of the social energy crisis and the implementation of the national “carbon
peaking and carbon neutrality” strategy, solar energy, as a clean and renewable energy, has great
potential for development in the construction field. In cold regions, the efficient use of solar energy
resources in buildings can effectively reduce winter heating energy consumption and domestic hot
water demand, and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Due to the large building spacing and low
building density, high-rise residential areas have high potential space in improving solar energy
utilization efficiency. At present, the domestic research on the application of solar energy in buildings
mainly focuses on the utilization of solar energy by building units and the evaluation of urban solar
energy utilization potential, and has achieved fruitful results. Among them, foreign research on the
relationship between residential areas and solar radiation reception has achieved rich results.
However, due to the large difference between Chinese and foreign residential types, the existing
research results have limited reference significance for the construction of residential areas in China
and cannot be directly applied. At present, the domestic research results focus on the comparative
analysis of the influence of single index of spatial form such as floor area ratio, residential orientation
and architectural layout on the amount of solar radiation received by residential areas through the
method of controlling variables. There is a lack of in-depth discussion on the comprehensive influence
of residential spatial form index on solar radiation reception. The comprehensive impact analysis of
the spatial form control index of high-rise residential areas on solar radiation acceptance and the
proposed optimization design suggestions can not only make up for the shortcomings of existing
research, but also provide a useful supplement to the lack of renewable energy application design
indicators in China’s residential area planning and design standards. This study takes the 18-storey
and below high-rise residential areas built in Jinan after 2015 as the research object. Through Google
Earth, Baidu map, on-site investigation and actual construction drawings, the spatial form control
parameters of high-rise residential areas are obtained and the typical model of high-rise residential
areas in Jinan is summarized. Parametric modeling and quantitative analysis of solar radiation are
carried out with the help of Grasshopper platform. This paper mainly uses the correlation analysis and
curve estimation in SPSS to explore the relationship between building density, building spacing
coefficient, side spacing, building layout form, residential orientation and solar radiation reception in
the spatial form control parameters of high-rise residential areas, and screen out the key control
parameters and value range. Based on the results of single factor analysis, the orthogonal test method
was used to further analyze the relationship between the three key indicators of building spacingcoefficient, side spacing and residential orientation and the received radiation of residential areas. In order to carry out the combination and comparison among
the three variables and reduce the number of unnecessary experiments, this orthogonal test selected a 3-factor 4-level scheme and obtained 16 working
conditions. The range analysis method is used to analyze the primary and secondary factors of each factor and find the spatial form optimization scheme which
is beneficial to the solar radiation reception of high-rise residential areas under the comprehensive influence. The results show that the building spacing
coefficient, residential orientation and side spacing are the main factors affecting the solar radiation received by high-rise residential areas. Among them, the
influence of the building spacing coefficient is the most significant, followed by the residential orientation, and the side spacing has the least influence. When
the building spacing coefficient is 1.5, the residential orientation is 25° west-south, and the side spacing is 16 m, the high-rise residential area in Jinan can
receive solar radiation to the greatest extent. After the optimization design, compared with the original residential area, the solar radiation reception in the new
residential area is increased by 20.8%, and the heating and cooling energy consumption is reduced by 8.7 %. Based on the above conclusions, this paper puts
forward some suggestions on the spatial optimization design of high-rise residential areas in Jinan at the planning and design level, in order to play an important
role in the planning and design of new high-rise residential areas in Jinan and the deep utilization of solar energy in the future.Through the analysis of the
influence of the spatial form control parameters of high-rise residential areas in Jinan on the amount of solar radiation received, and the relevant conclusions
obtained, the utilization rate of renewable energy in high-rise residential areas can be greatly improved. It plays an important role in promoting building energy
conservation and carbon reduction at this stage, and has important reference value for the revision of urban residential area planning and design standards. |
| Key words: high-rise residential areas spatial form solar radiation control parameters optimized design |
