| 摘要: |
| 县域城镇化背景下乡村人口呈现老龄
化结构，剖析老人时空行为活动特征与制约机
制对乡村社区适老化建设具有重要意义。运用
新时间地理学多情境理论，对陕南两个山地乡
村的老人及其家庭成员的时空行为活动路径进
行分析，总结老人时空行为活动特征、活动制
约、面对制约的家庭企划与分工调整模式、地
方秩序与老人时空行为的互动关系。发现：第
一，在日常、地理、社会和企划情境的交互
下，乡村老人时空行为活动呈现出在地生活、
城乡流动和进城定居3 种模式和7 种不同家庭
组合类型；第二，家庭生命周期、家庭经济水
平、子辈工作和孙辈就学、家庭出行交通工具
使用、乡村公共服务设施配置共同制约老人及
其家庭企划实现，家庭分工与联合是应对制约
的重要手段；第三，“家—社区—乡村”地方
秩序嵌套中老人时空行为活动的调整反映了乡
村公共服务设施配置优化、交通系统规划提升
和公共空间建设完善的必要性。最后，提出应
对地方秩序转变的乡村规划策略，以期构建行
为—空间适配的乡村适老化建设环境。 |
| 关键词: 新时间地理学 多情景 地方秩序 活动特征与制约机制 山地乡村 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240527001 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:十四五重点研发计划课题（2022YFC3802801）；陕西省社会科学基金项目（2025P018） |
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| Characteristics of space-time behavioral activities and behavioral spatial adjustmentmechanisms of the elderly in mountainous villages under the complex context: Using themountainous countryside of southern Shaanxi Provivce as a case study |
|
WANG Xia,WU Pei,WU Xue
|
| Abstract: |
| Under the context of county-level urbanization, the aging phenomenon in rural
population structure has emerged. Analyzing the space-time behavioral characteristics and
constraint mechanisms of the elderly holds significant implications for age-friendly rural
community development. This study employs the multi-context theory of new time geography to
investigate four dimensions: space-time behavioral patterns, activity constraints, family adaptation
strategies through project adjustment and labor division, and the interaction between local orders
and elderly behaviors. Firstly, through space-time path analysis of 186 elderly individuals and their
family members from two mountainous villages in southern Shaanxi, this research identifies three
typical activity patterns and seven household types. The study summarizes three fundamental
characteristics of elderly activities: temporal utilization in daily contexts, spatial utilization in
geographical contexts, and social interactions in community contexts. Seven representative case
families were selected to examine activity variations under different family project contexts.
Subsequently, the constraints on elderly activities were categorized into three dimensions:
individual capacity limitations, household composition restrictions, and authoritative constraints in
rural development. By integrating individual behaviors into family projects, the study reveals
constraint-coping mechanisms and labor division strategies across different family life cycles.
Furthermore, the investigation extends to extra-household contexts by analyzing the nested
relationships within the “household-village group-rural community” local order system, clarifying
spatial demands from dominant actors and transitional processes at different governance levels.
From a behavior-space interaction perspective, the research crystallizes the dynamic interaction
patterns between elderly activities and spatial configurations. Finally, an elderly-friendly
community development framework with optimization strategies is proposed to address local order
transitions. This study provides theoretical and practical references for rural revitalization and ageappropriate
spatial planning under urbanization pressures. The study reveals that: 1) daily activity
regularity among rural elderly exhibits a positive correlation with household size. Their primary
activity spaces consist of homes, neighbors’ residences, and farmlands, with family members and
local acquaintances serving as key social contacts. A pronounced familial segregation consciousness
persists, where elderly individuals predominantly establish tightly-knit social networks centered
around households or kinship groups; 2) under the interplay of daily, geographical, social, and
project contexts, the space-time behaviors of rural elderly manifest three distinct patterns: localized
living, urban-rural mobility, and urban settlement. These patterns correspond to seven householdcomposition types: three-generation households (grandparents, parents, and grandchildren);aged couple households (with children residing locally);aged couple
households (with children in distant cities); elderly living alone; urban-rural mobile elderly households; urban-settled elderly households (co-residing with
children);urban-settled elderly households (living separately from children). 3) The realization of elderly-family projects is collectively constrained by family
life cycles, household economic status, children’s employment and grandchildren’s education commitments, transportation accessibility, and rural public
service provisions. Spatial-temporal behavioral constraints and corresponding family project adaptations diverge significantly across household types. For
elderly residing rurally, their activities predominantly prioritize supporting children’s livelihoods and grandchildren’s educational needs, with family project
objectives systematically overriding personal agendas. In urban-rural mobile households, educational accompaniment emerges as the paramount family project,
where temporal-spatial constraints stem from synchronizing academic schedules, long-distance commuting between urban and rural areas, and inadequate
school transportation infrastructure. Conversely, urban-settled elderly households primarily orient their space-time behaviors toward fulfilling emotional needs,
reflecting a strategic shift from familial obligations to self-actualization in later-life transitions. This tripartite framework elucidates how multiscalar constraints
reconfigure elderly agency and intergenerational reciprocity across China’s rural-urban continuum. 4) The household serves as the fundamental “place-pocket”
of local order for rural elderly activities, while the village group constitutes their primary sphere of daily interactions, and the rural space represents a broaderscale
spatial order. This nested “household-village group-rural” local order system evolves through the interweaving of family projects (domestic strategies),
village group agendas (collective governance), and rural development initiatives (regional planning), forming a multi-tiered spatial governance structure.
Confronting diverse constraints and the needs of elderly individuals and their families, this study synthesizes an “activity-space interaction” model through the
lens of time-geography theory. The framework integrates three critical dimensions: space-time behavioral constraints, implementation mechanisms of family
projects, nesting and reconfiguration of local orders. 5) Focusing on the “household-village group-rural” place-pocket system, it proposes a mountainous rural
elderly-friendly planning framework addressing heterogeneous family demands. For localized households: prioritize precision-oriented public service allocation
to enhance accessibility. For urban-rural mobile households: optimize elderly-child mobility systems through transportation infrastructure upgrades. For urbansettled
households: develop socialization-focused public spaces to facilitate emotional fulfillment. This research offers theoretical foundations for creating
behavior-space adaptive aging-friendly rural environments and lays groundwork for improving rural living conditions through spatial governance innovation.
The framework bridges micro-level elderly needs with macro-level rural revitalization strategies in China’s urbanization context. |
| Key words: new time geography theory complex context local order activity characteristics and constraints mountainous country |
