| 摘要: |
| 生活污水治理是中国农村人居环境
整治中的薄弱环节。西北地区农业生产空间
广阔、农业用水需求量大、农村经济发展水
平较低，这些基本特征为“以用促治”的生
活污水循环治理模式提供了天然的适用场
景。然而，西北地区农村生活污水治理也面
临着传统循环治理方式日益式微、集中处理
设施配套条件不足、工程技术与空间布局关
系脱节的现实困境。鉴于此，遵循自然水循
环的“源—流—汇”逻辑，协调设施配置与
人居空间的关系，提出了一套综合性的村庄
水基础设施规划策略，包括三大关键措施：
一是重建就地消纳、高效闭环的用排水循环
系统；二是构建“层级消解式”循环空间单
元、分解落实设施空间需求；三是加强工程
与空间协同、提升治理技术的适用性。通过
对典型案例村庄N村的实地应用，验证了上
述策略的有效性，为西北地区农村生活污水
循环治理及设施规划提供了科学指导与实践
参考。研究在促进西北地区乃至全国范围内
农村环境质量改善、推动绿色低碳转型方面
具有重要的理论与实践价值。 |
| 关键词: 农村生活污水 循环治理 循环空
间单元 水基础设施规划 西北地区 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240201002 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:陕西省重点研发计划项目（2025NC-YBXM-323）；陕西省自然科学基础研究计划一般项目（2023-JC-QN-0420） |
|
| The real dilemmas and planning strategies for rural domestic wastewater recycling inNorthwest China |
|
HUANG Mei,YU Yang,DUAN Degang,QIAO Jie
|
| Abstract: |
| In the broader context of rural human settlement environment improvement in China, the
management of domestic sewage has always been a weak link. As the Chinese government
increasingly focuses on rural environmental issues, the treatment of domestic sewage is gradually
becoming a focal point for policy formulation and implementation. In recent years, the national level
has introduced a number of policy documents aimed at promoting effective treatment and resource
utilization of domestic sewage in rural areas. Local governments have actively responded and
explored a series of suitable governance models according to the actual conditions of their respective
regions. Overall, these models show the following trends: the concept of governance is gradually
shifting from traditional end-of-pipe treatment to the value of “on-site reuse," and policy standards are
also more inclined towards a “cyclic governance” model. In terms of regional practice, the eastern
regions, due to their higher level of economic development, are relatively advanced in their
governance efforts. However, the northwest region, with its unique natural and socio-economic
conditions, faces a series of challenges in the management of domestic sewage in rural areas. The
northwest region has vast agricultural production spaces and a large demand for agricultural water, but
the level of rural economic development is relatively low. These characteristics provide a natural
setting that is suitable for the "treatment through use" model of domestic sewage cyclic governance.
However, the gradual decline of traditional cyclic governance methods, the insufficiency of
supporting conditions for centralized treatment facilities, and the disconnection between engineering
technology and spatial layout all become real dilemmas that constrain the management of domestic
sewage in rural areas of the northwest region. To address these issues, this study proposes a
comprehensive planning strategy for rural water infrastructure. This strategy draws on the “sourceflow-
sink” logic of the natural water cycle, aiming to coordinate the relationship between facility
configuration and living space to achieve more efficient and sustainable sewage management.
Specifically, the strategy includes three key measures: First, rebuild a local digestion and efficient
closed-loop drainage and water cycle system. This means establishing a recycling system within the
village that can achieve on-site treatment and reuse of sewage, thereby reducing the impact on the
external environment and also providing necessary water resources for agricultural production.
Second, construct a “hierarchical resolution” cyclic spatial unit to decompose and implement facility
spatial requirements. This measure requires the establishment of different levels of cyclic spatial units
in village planning according to the characteristics of sewage generation and treatment to ensure the
rational layout and effective operation of sewage treatment facilities. Finally, strengthen the
coordination between projects and space to enhance the applicability of governance technology. This
involves the close integration of engineering technology and village spatial layout, improving the
efficiency and effectiveness of sewage treatment projects through technological innovation and spatial
optimization.Through the practical application in the typical case village N, this study has verified the
effectiveness of the aforementioned strategies. The practice in Village N has shown that adopting abio-ecological composite green treatment system can not only improve the water environmental quality of the village and enhance the quality of life for
residents but also bring economic and social benefits. The specific manifestations are: significantly reducing the construction and operation costs of the sewage
treatment station, avoiding high expenditures for equipment updates; using the treated water and fertilizer for local courtyard planting and farmland irrigation,
Village N's third group has saved about 13,870 m3 of irrigation water annually and brought economic returns; compared with the traditional engineered model,
the ecological treatment method can greatly reduce carbon emissions, with a reduction ratio as high as 60%; the on-site recycling management plan integrates
local wisdom, increases the participation of community members, and ensures the continuous effectiveness of the management measures.Overall, this study
provides scientific guidance and practical reference for the cyclic treatment of domestic sewage and facility planning in rural areas across the northwest region
and even the whole country. It has significant theoretical and practical value in promoting the improvement of rural environmental quality and promoting green
and low-carbon transformation. It not only provides new ideas and methods for the treatment of domestic sewage in rural areas but also provides strong support
for the sustainable development of rural areas and the construction of ecological civilization. With the further promotion and application of these strategies, it is
expected to achieve broader environmental, social, and economic benefits in the future. |
| Key words: rural domestic wastewater circular treatment and management cyclical spatial units water infrastructure planning Northwest China |
