| 摘要: |
| 教育设施可达性是表征乡村地区教
育水平的重要维度。以湘西土家族苗族自治
州为例，基于高德地图开放平台路径规划数
据服务，建构一个获取区域内“村庄—教育
设施”的最短路径时间的系统运行方案，精
准、高效测度乡村地区教育设施可达性水平。
运用克里金插值、空间自相关等方法分析乡
村地区教育设施可达性水平的空间格局总体
特征和空间集聚特征，运用随机森林模型与
SHAP 方法（RF-SHAP 算法）探索设施可达
性影响因素及非线性关系。结果表明：湘西
乡村教育设施可达性总体水平欠佳；在各县
域中形成了以县城中心向外围逐渐降低的乡
村教育设施可达性水平空间分布特征且集聚
特征差异显著；其关键影响因素主要包括人
口密度、建设用地比率和平均高程，反映了
城镇化水平与自然环境特征对可达性水平具
有非线性影响。研究对推动实现脱贫地区城
乡公共服务均等化具有重要理论与现实意义。 |
| 关键词: 路径规划 RF-SHAP算法 乡村教
育设施 可达性 影响因素 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240116005 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（51978250）；湖南省自然科学基金项目（2025JJ80002）；湖南省研究生科研创新项目（CX20240443）；
东南大学建筑设计研究院有限公司科研项目（TC-2025-02） |
|
| A Study on the accessibility of rural educational facilities and its influencing factors inXiangxi State based on Direction API and RF-SHAP algorithm |
|
LI Guangyu,DING Guosheng,HE Shaoyao,QU Ye,ZHANG Mengmiao
|
| Abstract: |
| In the context of China’s new urbanization, the supply and demand situation of rural
basic education, which is an important part of urban and rural basic public services, is constantly
changing, and there is a structural imbalance between supply and demand of some rural
educational facilities. Measuring and evaluating the accessibility of educational facilities in rural
areas can accurately grasp the level of supply and demand of rural education, which is of great
significance in promoting the equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas. Taking
Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture as an example, it measured the accessibility level
of educational facilities in rural areas based on Amap Direction API, analyzed the overall spatial
pattern and spatial agglomeration characteristics of the accessibility level of educational facilities
in rural areas by using Kriging interpolation and spatial autocorrelation, and explored the
influencing factors and nonlinear relationships of facility accessibility by using random forest
model and SHAP method. The results of the study provide data support for practical work such as
special planning of public service facilities in national territory space, which can effectively
promote the development of urban and rural education equivalence.Firstly, based on the direction
API data, a system operation scheme for obtaining the shortest path time is constructed by drawing
on the relevant scripting language writing method, so as to extract and analyze the accessibility
level of rural educational facilities in Xiangxi. According to the accessibility time specified in the
layout standards of educational facilities, the accessibility level of each type of facility is divided
into levels, and the overall distribution of the accessibility level of each type of facility is obtained,
on the basis of which the Kriging interpolation method is used to analyze the overall
characteristics of the spatial pattern of the accessibility level of the rural educational facilities. The
results show that the overall level of accessibility of rural educational facilities in Xiangxi is poor,
and its spatial pattern has obvious differentiation characteristics. Secondly, the spatial
autocorrelation (including global Moran index and local Moran index) was used to analyze the
spatial clustering characteristics of the accessibility level of rural educational facilities. The results
show that there is significant clustering of similar areas with similar levels of accessibility of
educational facilities in rural areas of Xiangxi. The areas with higher accessibility levels are
mainly concentrated in the centers of Jishou City and Huayuan County, while the areas with lower
accessibility levels are mainly concentrated in Guzhang and Yongshun Counties in the eastern part
of Xiangxi Prefecture. In terms of the degree of agglomeration, kindergartens have the strongestdegree of spatial agglomeration, followed by middle schools, and elementary school are the weakest. Finally, based on the existing studies and the
characteristics of the study area, combined with the availability of data, multiple factors characterizing the level of economic and social development and
the natural environment were selected, and the Random Forest Model and the SHAP algorithm were used to comprehensively detect the factors influencing
the level of accessibility of rural educational facilities in western Xiangxi and their nonlinear relationships. The results show that the key factors
influencing the accessibility of educational facilities in rural areas of Xiangxi mainly include population density, the proportion of construction land and
average elevation, and that the level of urbanization and natural environment characteristics have nonlinear effects on the accessibility level, such as the
threshold effect. In the future, it can further explore measures and paths to narrow the gap between urban and rural education levels and promote the
equalization of urban and rural educational facilities on a county basis. |
| Key words: direction API RF-SHAP algorithm rural educational facilities accessibility influencing factors |
