| 摘要: |
| 地貌是地表诸地物要素的基底和连
接依托，对城市营建极为重要。为了解地貌
空间与城市营建间紧密的时空关联特征，以
汉唐长安外郭城内区域为研究对象，利用对
比分析法、历史文献与考古遗存互证等方
法，从都城选址、定向立轴、外郭定形、空
间塑造4 方面，全过程规划视角剖析两城受
地貌空间影响而因地制宜地选择的营建策略
及其差异。研究显示：汉唐长安分立龙首塬
南北，朝向历经东向到南向的转变，轴线历
经东南杂糅到南向居中的转变，外郭形态历
经不甚规整到规整方正的转变，空间塑造在
相对无序和规整方正背景下均强调等级化与
立体化等。最终发现两城营建诸方向明确受
地貌空间引导与控制，且对其利用的方式兼
具同质性与差异性。明确的地貌空间特征与
城市营建策略对应关系之结论，为相关古代
城市规划模式或理念总结提供了案例支撑，
为古城保护、新城营建提供了较深层次的研
究视角，利于城市文化传承、可持续发展。 |
| 关键词: 关中地区 地貌空间 汉唐长安 城市选址 立向定轴 空间结构 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20230917002 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:教育部人文社会科学研究项目（18YJC850016）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目（20192Y43） |
|
| Comparative research on construction difference of Chang’an City in Han and TangDynasties under the influence of geomorphic space |
|
WANG Jiwei,ZHU Jianning
|
| Abstract: |
| Geomorphic space serves as the foundational base and connective framework for surface
features, playing a crucial role in urban construction. This paper takes the area within the outer city
walls of Chang’an city in Han and Tang Dynasties as the research object, analyzing the spatiotemporal
correlations between geomorphic space and urban construction. While existing research on
Chang’an city in Han and Tang Dynasties is abundant, including discussions on the relationship
between meso-scale structural morphology and geomorphic space, few studies have systematically
explored the causal relationships between Geomorphic space and the entire urban planning process,
such as site selection, orientation-axis establishment, outer wall formation, and spatial design, etc., or
conducted comparative analyses of differential utilization of Geomorphic space between the two
capitals. Employing comparative analysis and mutual verification of historical documents with
archaeological remains, this paper investigates the area within the outer walls of Chang'an city in Han
and Tang dynasties. From entire urban planning process perspective, it examines their connections
with Longshou Plateau and surrounding mountains and rivers, aiming to reveal their distinct
construction characteristics more profoundly and visually. The geomorphic spatial pattern of the
Guanzhong district is centered on the Weihe River, with five major landform types-mountains, loess
plateaus, plains, wetlands, and riverbeds-forming a multi-layered, stepped zigzag nested structure that
exhibits asymmetric symmetry along the north-south axis. Early inhabitants established symbolic
systems for prominent mountain features, and carried on the humanistic interpretation and utilization;
The loess plateaus exhibited secondary erosion features of alternating plateau and lowland, and the
groundwater is buried deep at the head of tableland but shallow at the end of tableland. The plains
showed shallow groundwater tables, poor drainage, and eastern saline-sand areas. In capital site
selection, Han and Tang Chang’an cities both recognized that locating at transitional zones between
broad and flat plains and plateaus achieved optimal water accessibility-avoidance balance. Through
analyzing water resources and terrain flatness of above geomorphic transition areas in Guanzhong
district, the capitals were finally established in transition area of generalized Longshou Plateau and
northern plain, and respectively established on the north and south sides of narrow Longshou Plateau.
In orientation-axis determination, Han and Tang Chang’an cities were influenced by previous
dynasties’ architectural traditions, its orientation experienced the shift from east to south, and
successively established the mixed east-south axes, southoriented central axis. But all the axes took
natural markers as their landing points, and all fell on the southern mountain peaks and valleys. These
choices demonstrated precise correlations with geomorphic prominence, ridge-valley structures, and
visibility.In outer wall morphology, although the landform of the two cities is not very smooth, they
choose completely different construction methods due to the difference of the mainstream concept
during the construction of capital cities in different dynasties. Han Chang’an city adopted irregular
walls adapting to local conditions, whereas Tang Chang’an’s strictly rectangular walls reflected
Confucian ritual constraints. In spatial design, both capitals skillfully utilized the geomorphic spatial
pattern and morphological differences. Under the background of relative disorder and regular square,the hierarchical and three-dimensional image of the capitals were created in the layout of functional areas, building scale, height and structure.The study reveals
that both capitals were guided and constrained by geomorphic space, exhibiting both homogeneous and differentiated utilization strategies. The conclusion of
the corresponding relationship between geomorphic spatial characteristics and urban construction strategies provides case support for summarizing ancient
urban planning patterns, offers deeper perspectives for heritage preservation and new city construction, and contributes to urban cultural continuity and
sustainable development. |
| Key words: Guan Zhong District geomorphic space Chang’an City in the Han and Tang Dynasties city sitting axial direction spatial structure |
