| 摘要: |
| 为改善我国寒冷地区既有住区存量
大、能耗高、室内热环境差等问题，本文针
对寒冷地区城镇住宅建筑进行调研梳理，并
选取典型居住小区作为研究对象， 依托
Grasshopper 平台对主被动式节能技术展开并
行优化，提出了适用于寒冷地区既有住区建
筑的最佳低碳改造方案。结果表明：第一，
低碳改造决策阶段，环境效益、经济效益、
热舒适性所占权重分别为24.46%、30.25%、
45.28%；第二，被动式技术寻优结果中外墙
保温层材质为XPS，屋顶保温层材质为岩棉
板；主动式技术寻优结果中立面光伏板铺设
层数为5 层，屋顶光伏板面积占比为0.5。与
典型模型相比，优化后全生命周期改造增量
环境效益为355.06 kgCO2/m2、全生命周期改
造增量经济效益为1 197.75 元/m2、预测不满
意百分比为16.8%，降低了10%。因此，主
被动耦合并行优化方法在既有住区低碳化改
造设计中具有广阔的应用前景。 |
| 关键词: 既有住区 低碳化改造 主被动式
耦合 多目标优化 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20230614002 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:教育部人文社会科学研究项目（23YJCZH276）；2024 年度河北省社会科学发展研究课题（202402086） |
|
| Research on optimization design of low-carbon retrofitting of existing residentialcommunity in cold zone based on active-passive coupling |
|
YUAN Jingyu,HUO Qiao,YAO Sheng,HUANG Liyi,LIU Xuan
|
| Abstract: |
| With the continuous improvement in people’s quality of life, the energy consumption and
carbon emissions from residential buildings under traditional energy production methods have been
increasing. Existing residential buildings, due to era of construction and energy consumption loss
during operation, are often found to fail to meet current living standards and thus are recognized as
having significant potential for retrofitting. The application of photovoltaic and solar thermal
technologies is acknowledged as offering substantial potential for carbon reduction. However, in cold
zone, the significant seasonal variations of heating and air conditioning energy consumption, as well
as solar energy resources, make it difficult for the high emission reduction potential of existing
residential areas to be matched with low investment costs. Furthermore, in previous studies, a
sequential relationship between active and passive building technologies was typically shown, with
passive retrofitting being followed by the installation of active systems for maximum energy
efficiency. However, the optimization of the sequence of active and passive technologies in residential
buildings can lead to resource wastage, issues of overlap and poor compatibility between different
types of energy efficiency technologies are often encountered. Therefore, for existing residential
buildings, research and analysis on the coordinated use of both active and passive energy efficiency
measures are urgently needed to be conducted. This study aims to address issues such as large
inventory, high energy consumption, and poor indoor thermal environment of existing residential
community in cold zone of China.In this paper, urban residential buildings in cold zone were focused
on, with basic building information being gathered through surveys and analyses, and Yunshanli
Community was identified as a typical residential community. Using the Grasshopper platform, a
basic model of the selected typical existing residential community was built, with the constraints of
active and passive technologies being defined. The study then involves the analysis of the lifecycle
investment and the lifecycle carbon emissions of the selected building technologies, with the process
being optimized for environmental benefit, economic benefit, and predicted percentage of dissatisfied
during the retrofitting process, leading to the proposal of an optimal low-carbon retrofitting plan for
existing residential buildings in cold zone. The results show that: 1) In the decision-making stage of
low-carbon transformation, the weight of environmental benefit, economic benefit and predicted
percentage of dissatisfied are 24.46%, 30.25% and 45.28% respectively. The primary consideration
for low-carbon retrofitting is identified as the predicted percentage of dissatisfied, followed by the
economic benefit, while the environmental benefit is usually the least considered. 2) In theoptimization results of passive technologies, the key parameters for existing residential buildings in cold zone were found to include a 0.12 m thickness for
external wall insulation, 0.10 m thickness for roof insulation, XPS as the material for external wall insulation, rock wool board for roof insulation, and 12 mm
thick transparent glass. In active technology optimization, the south-facing photovoltaic panel angle is 2°, the west-facing photovoltaic panel angle is 0°, with 5
floors of photovoltaic panels being used, photovoltaic and solar thermal system angle is set at 0° on the roof, and photovoltaic panel area ratio is 0.5 on the roof.
Compared with the typical model, the incremental environmental benefit of life cycle retrofit after optimization is 355.06 kgCO2/m2, the incremental economic
benefit of life cycle retrofit is 1 197.75 yuan/m2 and the predicted percentage of dissatisfied is 16.8% with a reduction of 10%. Therefore, the active-passive
coupled parallel optimization approach has broad application prospects in the design of low-carbon retrofitting of existing residential community.An in-depth
study on the retrofitting of existing residential community buildings was conducted in this paper. A design procedure for low-carbon retrofitting, which
combines model extraction, performance prediction, and strategy optimization, was established for existing residential community buildings. The interaction
between active and passive technologies was enhanced, leading to increased energy efficiency in buildings and reduced carbon emissions, and simultaneously
ensuring economic viability and comfort. The maximization of retrofitting benefits were achieved, and an optimization method and strategy for the low-carbon
retrofitting of existing residential area buildings based on the coupling of active and passive technologies were developed. It provides theoretical support and
strategic references for the renewal and retrofitting of existing residential community and the coupled application of active and passive energy efficiency
technologies. |
| Key words: existing residential community low-carbon retrofitting active-passive coupling multi-objective optimization |
