| 摘要: |
| 东疆特指新疆东部地区，属温带大陆
性干旱气候，以农灌输水为主导功能的灌渠水网
是东疆干旱地区地表水系的重要组成部分。近
年来在一带一路倡议指导下，东疆部分城镇进
行职能转型与用地拓展，大量原本处于城郊的
灌渠水网逐步纳入城市用地之中，作为当地稀缺
的地表水资源，对其转型利用以提升人居环境
品质极其必要。论文以东疆存量灌渠水网为研
究对象，结合文献分析和田野调查，探索其综合
服务功能提升路径。研究揭示了存量灌渠水网
转型利用中面临的困境，包括用水结构及用水量
变化导致用水需求激增与干旱缺水的矛盾、服
务功能转型与存量渠网水系空间形式的矛盾、综
合服务功能提升与当地气候制约的矛盾。针对现实困境，结合现代绿洲城市职能转型和高品质人居环境建设需求，提出气候适应下的转型利用策
略：一是营造适应转型需求的多功能水系，充分发挥有限水资源的价值；二是基于气候特征构建
智慧调控水网，实现复合用水、智慧引水、精准用水；三是应用节水技术保障用水需求，促进水系
的高效益、可持续运行。最后以哈密新星市中心城区为例，探索该提升路径在存量灌渠转型利用中
的应用实践，以期为干旱地区城镇灌渠水网建设提供路径参考。 |
| 关键词: 气候适应 绿洲城镇 存量灌渠 综合服务功能 集约利用 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240619 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（52178032） |
|
| Research on improvement of comprehensive function of urban stock irrigation channels ineastern Xinjiang based on climate adaptation: Taking Xinxing City in Hami as an example |
|
YING Wen,LI Haiyan
|
| Abstract: |
| Eastern Xinjiang refers to the eastern part of Xinjiang, which belongs to the temperate
continental arid climate. The irrigation channels with agricultural indoctrination water as the leading
function is an important part of the surface water system in the arid area of eastern Xinjiang. In
recent years, under the guidance of The Belt and Road Initiative, some towns in eastern Xinjiang
have carried out functional transformation and land expansion, and a large number of irrigation
channels originally in the suburbs have been gradually incorporated into urban land. As a scarce
local surface water resource, it is extremely necessary to transform and utilize it to improve the
quality of living environment.
How to improve the climate adaptability of water system and strengthen its multi-functional
utilization is the key to the transformation and utilization of irrigation channels in arid areas. There
are many theories or practices on climate adaptation and water system function improvement. In
terms of climate adaptation, the research focuses on the relationship between architecture and
climate, and discusses how to adapt to dry, windy and hot climates from the aspects of layout,
building space and materials. In order to cope with drought and water shortage, the application of
water-saving technology, improvement of water-saving awareness, diversification of water resources
utilization and water resources management are emphasized. In the improvement and utilization
of water system in arid areas, more attention is paid to the construction of river system landscape,
ecological restoration and urban characteristics. In terms of the transformation and utilization of
irrigation canal system, it mainly explores from the aspects of irrigation canal regulation, landscape
enhancement and utilization, and conservation and utilization of water conservancy heritage. On
the whole, the research on how to adapt the irrigation system to the arid climate and systematically
improve the comprehensive service function is still relatively weak.
This paper takes the existing irrigation canal in eastern Xinjiang as the research object,
combined with literature analysis and field investigation, to explore the path to improve its
comprehensive service function. The characteristics of traditional irrigation channels in eastern
Xinjiang under the influence of climate are summarized: irrigation canal network system, which is
an important component of the surface water system in eastern Xinjiang, above-ground integratedirrigation network adapted to the climate in eastern Xinjiang, reservoir which integrates temperature control, water storage and hydrophilic leisure functions.
Combined with the functional transformation needs of modern oasis towns, the paper analyzes three difficulties in promoting the transformation and
utilization of urban construction land storage irrigation channels: the contradiction between the surge of water demand and drought and shortage caused by
changes in water structure and water consumption, the contradiction between the transformation of service function and the spatial form of storage canal
network, and the contradiction between the improvement of comprehensive service function and local climate constraints.
In order to adapt to local climatic characteristics such as drought, water shortage and intense evaporation, and meet the needs of functional
transformation of modern oasis cities and high-quality human settlement environment construction, this paper introduces the theory of intensive utilization
of water resources, and puts forward a water system improvement utilization mode based on climate adaptation, guided by water conservation and water
efficiency improvement, which includes three aspects of transformation and utilization strategies. The first is to create a multi-functional water system to
meet the needs of transformation, and give full play to the value of limited water resources. Including combining the diversified utilization of urban functions
to enhance waterfront service functions, using water resources characteristics to adjust urban microclimate, cultural and landscape integration, to create the
characteristics of east Xinjiang oasis city. The second is to build an intelligent water network based on climate characteristics and adopt a composite water
use model based on functional transformation, smart water diversion model to cope with high local evaporation, and precise water use patterns adapted to the
local climate. The third is the regionally-appropriate water-saving technology to ensure water demand, improve the efficiency of water resources utilization,
and promote the cost-effective and sustainable operation of water systems.
Combining with the optimization construction project of water system in the downtown area of Xinxing City, the three strategies of transformation
and utilization are applied to practice. The project is under implementation and construction. At present, the local ecological environment and spatial
quality around the water system of central Xinxing City have been improved to a certain extent, and the comprehensive service ability to cope with the
transformation of urban functions and the needs of citizens has been greatly improved. The strategy proposed in this study can be used for reference for the
transformation and utilization of the existing irrigation channels in the oasis towns in eastern Xinjiang and other arid areas. |
| Key words: climate adaptation oasis town stock irrigation canal comprehensive function intensive use |
