| 摘要: |
| 建设文化强国是新时代的重要使命，
文化能够促进并推动经济、社会和环境的可持
续性。城市是文化繁荣发展的关键，以城市为中
心的建造文化（Baukultur）对未来高质量建成
环境的发展至关重要。本文全面回顾和梳理了
以联合国教育、科学及文化组织（UNESCO）为
中心的世界文化政策的演进过程和主要特征，
比较分析了欧洲文化政策在促进区域文化多样
性、以文化为中心可持续城市发展方面的最新进
展、可借鉴理念和实践经验。作为社会基石的文
化必须置于可持续城市空间规划治理的核心位
置。以人民为中心的发展思想，需要在建成环境
的规划、设计、保护、更新等各层面实现高质量
建造文化的目标。 |
| 关键词: 文化政策 可持续城市 建造文化 空
间治理 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240603 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（51778428） |
|
| Making high quality Baukultur the goal of spatial governance for sustainable cities |
|
ZHANG Song
|
| Abstract: |
| Building a cultural powerhouse is an important mission of China in the new era, as
culture can enables and drives economic, social and environmental sustainability. Cities are the key
to cultural prosperity and development, and Baukultur will be crucial for the future development of
a high-quality built environment. This paper comprehensively reviews and sorts out the evolution
process and main characteristics of the world cultural policies centered on UNESCO, including the
two World Conference on Cultural Policies Mexico City（MONDIACULT 1982，2022）, the World
Declaration and Convention on Cultural Diversity, and the Hangzhou Declaration on Culture as the
Key to Sustainable Development.
The European Cultural Policy has achieved remarkable results in promoting regional cultural
diversity, culturally driven urban innovation and sustainable development, and in recent years, the
main direction of the new European agenda for culture has been to support innovation, creativity,
and sustainable employment and growth. The governance and practical experience of European and
global cultural policies are worthy of reference in the process of building a strong cultural country
and promoting sustainable urban development.
Living environment is the foundation of the survival and development of human society, the
built environment has a wide impact on people’s behavior and life, and a good quality of the built
environment is not only related to the shaping of beautiful human settlements and people’s quality
of life, but also helps to enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of cities and people’s sense of
spatial belonging. Sustainable urban development policies are characterized not only by the right
balance between economic, social and environmental development, but also by the structural and
spatial quality of the city. China is in a critical period of urban development and transformation, and
the rapid urbanization that has lasted for many years has brought great construction achievements,
and at the same time, it has also put forward more and higher requirements for the comprehensive
refinement and sustainable development of cities. Since the 18th National Congress of the
Communist Party of China, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has insisted
on putting cultural construction in a prominent position in governance, and has continuously and
actively promoted the construction of a cultural power. In the future, there are many challenges in
how to build a healthy and sustainable living environment for the future goal of building a “Beautiful
China” through specific policies and measures such as the reform of the territorial spatial planning
system and the improvement of the urban planning system. In some cities, the problems of “largescale
demolition and construction”, arbitrary demolition of old buildings, and relocation of residents
in urban renewal have not been completely solved, which has led to the irreversible loss of traditional
lifestyles, local cultural memories and the authenticity of material textures in historic areas. In
some cities, in order to develop tourism, they have created man-made historic landscapes that have
disappeared, and this kind of “conservation” is often accompanied by the fabrication or invention of
traditional architecture.
Sustainable city is an urban form that combines the attention of environmental issues with
the promotion of cultural values, and is the main direction of future urban development. The 2018
Davos Declaration: Europe Towards a High-Quality Baukultur defines and describes all processesand outcomes that affect the built environment as “Baukultur”, emphasizing that high-quality built and built environment spaces contribute to positive and
healthy social, economic a nd cultural development, a nd t hat a h igh-quality Baukultur is both a key goal of sustainable development a nd a new a daptive
approach to shaping our built environment.
The protection and inheritance of built heritage is closely related to social and economic development and cultural prosperity, and it is necessary
to establish a holistic policy framework system for the protection, inheritance and innovative development of traditional culture to promote the creative
transformation and innovative development of traditional culture. Integrate traditional culture into production and life, and pay attention to the organic
integration of practice and cultivation, demand and supply, form and content. The cultural identity and cultural practices that characterize the city and
its inhabitants can be harnessed to have a broader impact on urban development by fostering social identity, creativity, cohesion and dynamism. Urban
conservation and management should pay more attention to the overall built environment and diverse cultural landscapes, rather than just isolated heritage
sites, and the specific practical focus of built heritage needs to shift to people-centered revitalization and utilization, so as to create a high-quality living
environment for the people.
Urban spatial governance is an important part of national governance, and culture, as the cornerstone of society, must be placed at the core of
sustainable development strategies and spatial planning policies. Adhere to the people-centered development philosophy, in addition to good intentions and
macro planning policies, it is necessary to achieve high quality in all aspects of the built environment, and all levels of planning, design, protection and
renewal need to be aware of the goal of high-quality development, the protection of 143 national historic and cultural cities announced by the State Council
of China is the basis for building a large protection pattern, and comprehensively promote the integrated and systematic protection of cultural heritage, and
the built heritage conservation must be integrated into the policy, land and urban spatial planning system for cultural prosperity and development.
China’s urban spatial governance planning needs to fully utilize historic and cultural resources to address the various challenges faced by urban
development. In the process of spatial governance and planning implementation, high attention should be paid to the cultural attributes of heritage
conservation, planning and design, and construction management. In order to achieve a more inclusive and sustainable city, active policy measures and
innovative methods should be implemented in spatial governance planning at different levels. A people-centred approach to development entails achieving
the goal of a high-quality Baukultur at all dimensions of the planning, design, conservation and regeneration for the built environment. |
| Key words: cultural policies sustainable cities Baukultur spatial governance |
