| 摘要: |
| 城市住房负担能力和保障性住房供应是
全球范围关注的重要问题。城镇住房制度改革以
来，中国住房市场快速发展的同时也导致了部分
群体住房负担问题。我国提供了系列保障性住房
以解决问题，但新市民、青年人等群体仍有较大
的租房负担。随着住房保障体系不断深化，保障
性租赁住房成为目前住房保障的供应主体。为探
索中国城市保障性租赁住房政策的发展方向，本研究根据房租收入比将重点建设城市分为三类（租房可负担性较好、租房可负担性一般和租房可负
担性较差的城市），基于住房规划政策视角，对保障性租赁住房政策中的保障范围、供应配建、运营
管理等供给制度进行比较研究。旨在探讨以下问题：城市保障性租赁住房制度间有何差异和特点；
保障性租赁住房为谁建、怎么建以及怎么管。结果表明：各城市面临保障范围宽、目标落实难、管理
模式不清晰等共性问题；3类城市的政策趋于同质化，但仍有各自症结，其中可负担性较差的城市租
金管制亟待加强；可负担性一般的城市筹建渠道单一；可负担性较好的城市政策内容不完整等。针
对研究结果，本文从保障范围、供应配建、运营管理三个方面分别提出供需匹配，优化政策保障范
围、保量提质，加强保租房建设规划等建议，并针对3类型城市提出优化重点。 |
| 关键词: 保障性租赁住房 住房保障 供给制度 重点城市 比较研究 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240512 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:天津市哲学社会科学规划课题重点项目（TJGL
22-010） |
|
| A comparative study of the government-subsidized rental housing supply systems in citiesof China |
|
ZUO Jin,ZHANG Hailing,SU Wei,XIE Juming,LUO Jiancheng
|
| Abstract: |
| With a burgeoning population and escalating real estate costs in metropolitan regions
worldwide, the critical matter of providing affordable housing for urban residents and ensuring
an adequate supply of such housing in urban centers has become a focal point of global concern.
As a result of the reform of the urban housing system in China, the housing market has developed
rapidly in recent years, which has also resulted in housing affordability problems for some groups
of people across the country. The implementation of robust housing security systems serves as a
pivotal mechanism for the international community to address housing issues affecting vulnerable
populations and elevate their quality of life, thereby contributing to broader societal welfare,
social equity and development goals. China has made an effort to address the aforementioned
issues by offering a range of reasonably priced homes, such as the construction of public rental
housing, affordable housing and so on. Certain demographic groups, such as young adults and
newly arrived immigrants, continue to face substantial rental burden due to the high cost of renting
in the housing market. In recent years, China has continued to deepen the construction of its
housing security system, and has made great achievements. Guaranteed rental housing has also
gradually become the mainstay of the current housing security supply. Following the publishing
of the Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Guaranteed Rental Housing in 2021, China
will prioritize the development of guaranteed rental housing as a major component of upgrading
the housing security system during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. To explore the direction of the
development of subsidized rental housing policies in cities in China, this study divides 34 cities that
are concentrating on developing government-subsidized rental housing into three categories (cities
with good rental affordability, cities with average rental affordability, and cities with poor rental
affordability) based on data on rent-to-income ratios after first measuring and grading housing rental
affordability in cities. The research then compares the supply systems included in the guaranteed
rental housing policies of different kinds of cities in terms of the scope of protection, supply and
construction, operation and administration, etc., based on the perspective of housing planning
policies. These specifically include variations in the laws and policies that control limitations on therequirements for applications, supply ratios, construction and planning supporting documentation, funding sources, rental price structures, and other aspects.
The purpose of this paper is to explore the following two aspects through a cross-section of policies: What are the characteristics and differences between
the various types of urban rental housing systems? who are the recipients of the city’s government-subsidized rental housing, how are they built, and how are
they subsequently operated and managed? The results show that: Firstly, all types of cities are facing common problems such as the overly broad coverage of
government-subsidized rental housing, difficulties in implementing the objectives, and ambiguous management modes. In addition, while the current policies
of the three types of cities tend to be similar and the variances are not particularly significant, different characteristics can still be noticed in their various
cruxes. Among these are the following: in cities with poor affordability, the rent control of government-subsidized rental housing needs to be strengthened
immediately; in cities with average affordability, the main issue is the relatively single channel for fund-raising; and in cities with good affordability, the
policy content is not sufficient overall. These distinctions underscore the need for tailored strategies to address specific housing issues across varying cities.
In response to the research’s results, this paper proposes recommendations to optimize the scope of policy protection and the degree of matching between
supply and demand, strengthen the planning of rental housing construction in terms of quantity and quality, and optimize the management and operation
mechanism from the three aspects of the scope of protection, supply and allocation, and operation and management. Drawing upon these foundational
principles, the essay proposes a tailored optimization strategy for each of the three categories of cities. For example, cities with high rental-to-income ratios
(RIR) and low affordability ought to concentrate on spatial planning and enhance coverage in a few cities. Medium-sized cities with moderately affordable
rental markets can appropriately increase housing supply. In the case of low RIR cities with better affordability, the coverage can be appropriately reduced
at the initial stage of construction in order to achieve a gradual progress. This study examines the most recent form of supply system for secured housing in
China, with the goal of providing a theoretical foundation for the effective supply of government-subsidized rental housing. |
| Key words: government-subsidised rental housing housing security supply system key cities comparative study |
