| 摘要: |
| 基于对洛阳20世纪初到中期之间城市
形态的分析，明确了洛阳先后在“军事”和“工
业化”的推动下两次“避开旧城建新城”的城市
扩展，分析了清末、民国和新中国成立初期洛阳
城市分别呈现的“传统的”、“军事的”以及“工
业的”三种形态，并通过不同形态间的对比，展
现了洛阳从前现代农业城市向现代工业城市转
型的历史。 |
| 关键词: 洛阳 城市形态 城市转型 洛阳模式 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240415 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（52208018） |
|
| Study on the urban transformation history of Luoyang through the morphological perspectivefrom the beginning to the mid-20th |
|
WU Junxian,YU Gang
|
| Abstract: |
| Luoyang experienced significant expansion twice over a 50-year period between the 1910s
and 1960s, motivated by militarization and industrialization.” “Luoyang experienced two significant
expansions over a period of approximately 50 years between the 1910s and 1960s, first driven by
militarization and then by industrialization.” This growth strategy involved constructing new areas
adjacent to the existing city, resulting in a blend of three distinct urban forms-traditional, military,
and industrial-that correspond to the Laocheng, Xigong, and Jianxi areas. These three remain the
fundamental components of contemporary Luoyang.
Laocheng (old city) is Qing Luoyang City, with a long history that dates back approximately
700 years. The city’s traditional urban layout was designed to adhere to historical rituals, with the
city wall and moat serving as prominent features that separated the inner and outer areas. The inner
area was heavily influenced by historical traces and featured two main roads that connected the westeast
and south-north, following the spatial structure of Sui and Tang Luoyang city. The development
of the outer city gate areas varied due to geographical factors and preference of southward, resulting
in the south and east gate areas being well-developed while the north and west lagged. Overall, the
old city displays a trend of being “dense in the south and sparse in the north”.
During the Republic of China era, the warlords chose Luoyang as a crucial location to establish
military camps. These camps served as a crucial defense knot to guard the arteries of east-west
transport. In 1914, the construction of Xigong barracks commenced under President Yuan Shih-k'ai.
Due to space constraints within Laocheng, this large-scale project was situated 2.5 km away in the
west. Under the organized military structure, the barracks present grid layout. Later, another warlord
named Wu P'ei-fu occupied Luoyang and expanded the Xigong as a regional political and military
center. As the development continued, the first airport in Henan Province, new roads, and public
utilities were built in Xigong, laying a solid foundation for future growth. In 1932, in a bid to avoid
the turmoil caused by the Japanese in Shanghai, the government of the Republic of China relocated
to Luoyang temporarily designating it as the second capital of China. This marked the pinnacle
of Luoyang’s modern political sphere and saw Xigong evolve from a mere barracks to a national
military and administrative center.
Following the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, Chinese society
underwent a radical transformation. In the early period of the new country, Luoyang was selected
as one of the eight cities for prioritized planning and construction. With the assistance of Soviet and
Chinese experts, a new industrial district was planned in the west of Xigong area to facilitate heavy
industry projects. However, unlike the previous era, Jianxi, the new urban area, followed the linear
city concept, an ideal urban layout for a socialist city. In this new district, the modern settlement
replaced the traditional courtyard housing, a new road network that met modern city standards.
Additionally, the new urban morphology also evoked a new way of life and transformed socialspatial
relations.
The analysis of these three different urban forms reveals the transitional process in the first halfof the 20th Century. This transition was a direct result of the changing political and economic landscape of the state. During the Qing dynasty, the country was
primarily agrarian, and an emphasis on agriculture hindered industrial and business growth, which ultimately limited urban development. Although there were
some achievements in urban fields during the Republic of China period, the discrepancy between Xigong and Laocheng presents an imbalance within the city. This
situation changed after the new People’s Republic. The socialist industrialization gave a new mission for the city, and Jianxi, the latest urban area, established a
replicable model for the city. Since the 1960s, Xigong and Laocheng have gradually changed and joined the frame of the modern Luoyang.
The discourse above highlights the transformation of Luoyang from a traditional state to a modern city layout. This modernization process not only
characterizes contemporary Luoyang but also as a projector of modern China’s shift from an agrarian to an industrial nation at a rapid pace. Thus, Luoyang
has the potential to serve as an exemplar of Chinese-style urbanization, and further discourse can enable us to appreciate its morphological transition and
foster a fresh perspective on today's Chinese cities. |
| Key words: Luoyang urban morphology urban transformation Luoyang model |
