| 摘要: |
| 温度分层是大空间建筑的一个普遍存
在的现象，近年全尺寸测量的相关研究已经验
证了这一现象，并逐渐引起关注。相关研究表明
体育馆室内温度与自然通风环境的变化可能是
复杂且敏感的，因此以混合通风的视角切入到
后续研究当中很有必要。为探讨亚热带地区环
境温差对于体育馆自然通风的潜在影响，文中选
取了亚热带地区两个中型体育馆作为研究对象，
采用全尺寸测量方法，在夏、秋过渡季节对其室
内外空气温度与自然风速进行了监测与分析，并
运用计算流体力学（CFD）的数值模拟方法评估
并还原了环境温差对于亚热带地区中型体育馆
自然通风环境的影响。研究结果表明：负温差环
境下的运动区域进口气流风速更高，室外新鲜空气能集中在大空间底部，提高运动区域的换气效率，通风环境显著优于正温差环境；较低的室
外空气温度更有利于创造体育馆内部良好的自然通风环境，而对进风口气流进行预冷可能是改善
体育馆被占用区域热舒适度的有效途径。本研究运用实测数据对数值模拟结果进行了误差分析，
证明模拟方法能有效地解释亚热带地区中型体育馆自然通风环境的温度敏感性，并有效反映了室
内大空间复杂的自然通风现象，为未来的相关研究提供基础条件。 |
| 关键词: 亚热带地区 中型体育馆 自然通风 环境温差 CFD 绿色建筑 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240414 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（52108011）；广东省基础
与应用基础研究基金项目（2024A1515012129，
2023A1515011137）；广东省哲学社会科学规划2022
年度项目（GD22XGL02）；广州市科技计划项目（20
24A04J9930）；亚热带建筑与城市科学全国重点实验
室自主研究课题（2024ZB06）；中央高校基本科研
业务费专项资金资助（2024ZYGXZR048） |
|
| The impact of ambient temperature difference in subtropical regions on the naturalventilation environment of medium-sized gymnasium |
|
LIANG Sheng,LIU Xiao
|
| Abstract: |
| Thermal stratification is a common phenomenon in large space buildings, which has been
validated in research related to full-scale measurement and has gradually attracted attention in recent
years. This also indicates that the changes in indoor temperature and natural ventilation environment
in gymnasiums may be complex and sensitive. The research background and survey data show that the
ambient temperature difference of gymnasiums in the subtropical region alternates between positive and
negative, an important reason for the instability of natural ventilation efficiency and indoor airflow. The
ventilation mechanism of a naturally ventilated gymnasium is diverse. From the perspective of wind
pressure ventilation, the horizontal openings’ combination mode on the windward and leeward sides can
effectively utilize the wind pressure difference environment. In contrast, from the perspective of thermal
pressure ventilation, the vertical openings’ combination mode that emphasizes the relative height of the
inlet and outlet can produce a chimney effect in the large space environment, thus improving the natural
ventilation efficiency. In current research, it is necessary to approach related research from the perspective
of mixed ventilation driven by wind and buoyancy.
To explore the potential impact of ambient temperature difference in subtropical regions on
natural ventilation in medium-sized gymnasiums, the coupling mechanism is established in this
work, considering the synergy of wind pressure and thermal buoyancy for a natural ventilation
environment. Two medium-sized gymnasiums in subtropical regions as the full-scale measurement
objects are selected. The influence of thermal boundary conditions on the natural ventilation
environment of medium-sized gymnasiums in subtropical regions is evaluated by monitoring the
indoor and outdoor temperature and wind velocity in the transition season and using the numerical
simulation method of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). A comprehensive investigation is
conducted on the coupling effect of wind and buoyancy on the natural ventilation environment of
medium-sized gymnasiums in subtropical regions.
For the climate temperature measurement results in subtropical regions, taking the analysis data
of typical seasons as an example, the ambient temperature difference of medium-sized gymnasiums
in subtropical regions often alternates between positive and negative, especially in hotter months
such as June to September. The results indicate that the natural ventilation environment of mediumsized
gymnasiums in subtropical regions is dominated by mixed convection in various situations,
and the transformation of ambient temperature difference is an important reason for the unstable
indoor airflow. A reasonable opening combination mode plays a key role in improving the ventilation
environment of occupied areas in large spaces. The calculation results can observe the ventilation
differences of indoor airflow under different ambient temperature difference environments. For
example, due to the lower temperature of the inlet airflow, the airflow will sink in a negative ambienttemperature difference, while in a positive ambient temperature difference, the airflow will quickly rise under the buoyancy after entering the space.
The natural ventilation environment of medium-sized gymnasiums in subtropical regions is driven by both wind and buoyancy. Based on existing research
on wind pressure and thermal pressure, the consideration of ambient temperature difference is crucial for explaining the changes in the airflow environment in
large spaces. Airflow in the occupied area in the negative ambient temperature difference is significantly better than that in the positive ambient temperature
difference. The inlet wind speed is higher (for example, the research data in this work shows that under the same external wind conditions, the inlet wind speed
in a negative temperature difference environment is 0.8~0.9m/s, while the inlet wind speed in a positive temperature difference environment is only 0.4~0.6m/s,
with a decay rate of 50%), allowing fresh air to concentrate at the bottom of the large space, improving the ventilation efficiency of the occupied area. It is more
conducive to creating a good indoor natural ventilation environment under the situation of lower outdoor temperature, and precooling the inlet air flow may also
be an effective measure to improve the thermal comfort of the occupied area (compared to the rapid rise of the inlet airflow in a positive ambient temperature
difference, the inlet airflow in a negative ambient temperature difference can reach the occupied area further away from the inlet).
The numerical simulation method effectively explains the temperature sensitivity of the natural ventilation environment of medium-sized gymnasiums
in subtropical regions, and error analysis of the numerical simulation results is conducted using the measurement data, and effectively reflects the complex
natural ventilation phenomena in large spaces, providing a foundation for future related research. The numerical models established in this work can provide
an optimization design framework for the evaluation of the natural ventilation efficiency of university gymnasiums in the early design stage. |
| Key words: subtropical regions medium-sized gymnasium natural ventilation ambient temperature difference CFD green building |
