| 摘要: |
| 城市绿地对老年人健康活动具有重要
促进作用，是实现积极老龄化的关键。以大连市
主城区为研究对象，构建了包括物质环境（如可
达性、吸引力）和感知环境（适宜性）的多层次
指标体系。通过多元线性回归和中介效应分析，
揭示了绿地与老年人体力和社交活动之间的内
在联系。研究发现，绿地通达性、活力和综合公
园对老年人体力活动有显著正面影响，而街道以
生活性为主且较高的绿视率更有助于促进老年
人的社交活动，社区公园和游园是社交活动的
重要场所。此外，场所活力和生活性街道还会通
过影响老年人的环境感知，间接影响其健康活
动，进一步明确了环境设计应考虑老年人感知
体验的重要性。 |
| 关键词: 绿地环境 老年人 健康活动 影响
要素 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240413 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:西部绿色建筑国家重点实验室开放基金项目（LSK
F202209）；国家自然科学基金项目（52078095） |
|
| Identification and optimization of green space environmental elements affecting differenthealth activities of elderly: A case study of Dalian |
|
WANG Xiaoyue,YANG Dongfeng
|
| Abstract: |
| High-quality green space environments are conducive to stimulating healthy activity
among older adults, which is significant for improving physical and mental health. The rising amount of
literature provides guidelines for us to understand how urban green space affects the healthy activities of
older adults; however, the different types of activities also make older adults have different needs for green
space. Exploring the influence of the environment on a single activity can hardly reveal the actual impact
effect of urban green space comprehensively and systematically, which leads to the conclusion that it fails
to combine different activities of the elderly to implement precise regulation. This study aims to analyze
the relationship between the impact of the urban green space environment on different health activities,
taking into account the physical and social activities of older adults.
Data：The study was based on a cross-sectional sample of 275 respondents aged 60 or older
in Dalian, China. To select representative samples, the neighborhoods were purposively selected
from three community categories, namely, open old settlements, closed old settlements, and closed
new settlements. In-person structured interviews focused on older adults’ weekly routine outdoor
activity behavior and socio-demographic characteristics. It is worth noting that the objective
environment of green spaces can not only directly influence the health activities of older adults, but
also exert indirect promotional benefits by influencing subjective perceptions. Therefore, to assess
the associations and pathways between urban green spaces and the health activities of older adults,
it adopted a multivariate linear model based on single-factor identification and followed a threestep
procedure for the analysis. First, it investigated the combined effects of socio-demographic
characteristics and green space objective environment elements on different health activities of older
adults. Second, the subjective perceived environment of older adults was used as an explanatory
variable, and the green space objective environment was used as an explanatory variable. Third, it
considered the joint influence of the subjective and objective environments of green spaces on the
health activities of older adults.
Methods：According to the theories of social ecology and health behavior, it classifies the urban
green space environment affecting the health activities of older adults into objective environment
(accessibility, attractiveness) and subjective environment (suitability). The objective environment
includes elements related to accessibility and attractiveness, of which accessibility covers not only
the spatial accessibility of activity opportunities for older adults, but also the accessibility of actual
travel; attractiveness not only takes into account the internal design elements of the green space, but
also incorporates the characteristics of the environment surrounding the green space into the index.
The subjective environment is based on appropriateness, focusing on the elderly’s perception of and
satisfaction with the actual activity environment. Healthy activities of the elderly are mainly divided
into two categories: physical activities (walking, playing balls, equipment, hiking, swimming) and social
activities (sitting, communicating, playing cards, dancing, playing chess), and the frequency of weekly
activities is used as a quantitative indicator, which is categorized into three grades of high-frequency (15-28
times/week), medium-frequency (8-14 times/week), and low-frequency (1-7 times/week).Results：Different activities of older adults have variable associations with urban green space environments. In terms of physical activity, travel range
within 800 m and road network density of 1.5 km/km2-2km/km2 were associated positively with activity frequency; environmental suitability assessment had
a mediating effect between place vitality and activity frequency; and rich land mix around the green space as well as comprehensive parks were positively
associated with the enhancement of older people’s physical activity. In terms of the impact of social activities, the proximity of green spaces to residential
areas, the predominance of living streets in the travel paths, and the high green visibility of streets positively contributed to the activity frequency of older
adults, and the community parks or playgrounds were the significant venues for older adults to engage in high-frequency activities; environmental suitability
evaluations mediated the impacts of living streets and playgrounds on the social activities of older adults. In addition, older adults’ physical activity was
regulated by age and education, but there was no evidence of a significant association between older individuals' social attributes and socialization activity.
Conclusions：Interventions involving green space environments could be a promising opportunity to promote healthy activities for older adults, but
the measures should implement differentiated spatial guidance that integrates with the different activity characteristics of older adults. For example, when
constructing community parks or playgrounds, it should be guaranteed to be within 500 m of accessibility, with social activity support for older people as the
planning anchor point, and be connected mainly by lifestyle streets with high green visibility. In the construction of integrated parks, measures to promote
physical activity for older adults should be enhanced to improve the vitality of the place and the mixing of the surrounding land, while ensuring that 800 m is
within walking distance. |
| Key words: green space environment older adults health activities influencing factors |
