| 摘要: |
| 随着我国城市进入城镇化“下半场”，
城市发展的范式产生转变，历史街区价值逐渐
显现，历史街区的保护与更新成为城市更新进程
中的重要类型。本文聚焦纽约历史街区保护更
新模式的研究，以纽约格林威治村历史街区为
研究案例，探讨了20世纪60年代纽约市《城市
地标保护法》出台后，纽约市应对不同尺度、不
同类型历史街区保护更新项目的模式机制。研究
以历史街区的保护更新项目为对象，从历史街区
遗产价值与更新模式相互关联的维度，梳理历
史街区的发展背景和空间演化过程，解析了历史
街区的层积性的历史价值、活态化的文化遗产和
多样性的美学特征，详细阐释了应对历史文化传
承和城市更新发展双重目标导向下，纽约历史街
区从建筑单体到街区，不同尺度、不同类型项目
的保护更新模式机制。 |
| 关键词: 城市更新 历史街区 保护更新 格林威治村 模式机制 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240213 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:2020年度国家留学基金委访问学者项目（202006
055007） |
|
| Research on historic districts preservation and renewal modes from the perspective ofurban renewal: A case study on Greenwich Village historic district in New York |
|
ZUO Li,ZENG Xingxing
|
| Abstract: |
| As China’s urbanization enters a new stage, the paradigm of urban development is
changing, and the value of historic districts is gradually emerging. The preservation and renewal
of historic districts have become a significant type of urban renewal process. This paper focuses on
the preservation and renewal modes of the historic districts in New York from the perspective of
urban renewal, using the Greenwich Village historic district as a case study. It explores the mode
mechanisms adopted by the authority of New York City in response to preservation and renewal
projects for historical districts of various scales and types after the promulgation of the “New York
City Landmarks Law” in the 1960s. The research takes the preservation and renewal projects of
historical districts as the research object, and from the perspective of the interconnection between the
cultural heritage and renewal modes of historical districts, it sorts out the development background
and spatial evolution process of historical districts, analyzes the historical value, dynamic cultural
heritage, and aesthetic features of the diversity of historical districts. In response to the dual
objectives of historical cultural inheritance and urban renewal development, the research elaborates
in detail on the protection and renovation mechanism of various scales and types of projects in
historic districts in New York, from individual buildings to entire neighborhoods.
In terms of urban renewal and historic preservation, cultural heritage and urban sustainable
development are the core demands of New York’s historic district renewal model. New York has
integrated the core content of The Landmarks Law into the city’s charter through the legislative
procedure of revising the city charter, making it the top legal basis for urban management. Under
the framework of the city charter, New York has established a series of institutional mechanisms,
including public policy support and social public participation mechanisms, to ensure the
sustainability and fairness of the entire process from application to approval to implementation of
renewal projects. To support the wide participation of market forces in the preservation and renewal
of historic districts, New York has formulated historic building tax incentives, historic building
insurance programs, and other policies targeting different types of renewal projects. At the same
time, the New York Landmarks Preservation Foundation provides special funds to assist the New
York Landmark Preservation Commission in promoting public awareness of the protection of historic
districts through education and publicity. Information disclosure, public engagement, and project
hearings are important mechanisms for protecting heritage and ensuring fairness in New York’s
historic district preservation. Detailed information on each stage of the project is publicly available
on government websites for public review, and the Landmark Preservation Commission, composed
of officials, experts, and community residents, participates in the review and supervision of each
stage of the protection and renewal project.
The research focuses on the preservation and renewal projects in the Greenwich historical
district, which was officially designated as a historical district by the New York City LandmarkPreservation Commission, excavates the heritage value of historical districts in terms of historical value, cultural heritage, and aesthetic characteristics, sorts
out the scale hierarchy, functional requirements, and zoning limited renewal needs, and from the dimensions of the correlation between heritage value and
renewal demand value, sorts out the development background and spatial evolution process of historical districts, and analyzes the layered historical value
of historical districts living cultural heritage and diverse aesthetic characteristics. The research organizes and sorts out the renewal projects in Greenwich
Village and identifies three typical renewal modes in historical neighborhoods, namely adaptive renewal mode, rehabilitation renewal mode, and holistic
renewal mode, with corresponding typical cases selected for each mode: Rubin Hall Project, No. 14-16 Apartment Building Project on Fifth Avenue,
and Saint Vincent Campus Redevelopment Project, with a summary of the renewal characteristics and mechanisms of the three modes derived from the
development background, heritage value, renewal methods, and renewal strategies of each case.
The preservation and renewal of historical districts in New York City focus on the dual objectives of cultural heritage and urban sustainable
development, under the framework of The Landmarks Law and Urban Zoning Law and established a long-term mechanism for preservation and renewal
by combining urban planning and urban control systems, which can meet the complex requirements of projects in terms of various scales and types from
individual buildings to blocks. The legislative framework created by New York for the preservation and renewal of historic districts, including a long-term
management mechanism and a variety of preservation and renewal models customized to local conditions, serves as a valuable reference for addressing
current preservation and renewal challenges encountered by historic districts in China. |
| Key words: urban renewal historic districts preservation and renewal Greenwich Village mode mechanism |
