| 摘要: |
| 通过获取既有住宅加装电梯中公众关
切的问题，作为使用后评估的评价要素，结合天
津市老旧小区加装电梯的案例，由客观数据测
量和主观意愿评价相结合的方式，在功能、经
济、运维方面进行使用后评估。一方面对天津市
既有住宅加装电梯项目进行评估与反馈，另一方
面对全国范围的公众关切进行回应，更正公众认
知的误区、解释居民关心的问题，助力既有住宅
加装电梯工作的推行。 |
| 关键词: 老旧小区改造 加装电梯 使用后评
估 公众关切 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240118 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:天津市教委2022年度社会科学重大项目（2022J
WZD05）；十四五国家重点研发计划课题（2022YF
C3800303） |
|
| Responding to public concerns: Post occupancy evaluation of elevator installation in oldcommunities |
|
LI Wanrong,SONG Kun,WANG Keyu,CHENG Li,FENG Lin
|
| Abstract: |
| Elevator installation in existing residences is an inevitable requirement to deal with the
aging situation and supply-side structural reform, attracting the public concerns in China. However,
in reality, residents often encounter multiple obstacles in the process of unifying their opinions,
they may be misled by wrong information on the Internet. The evaluation system of elevator
installation is highly required to meet public concerns and to respond to concerns and doubts
scientifically. Therefore, this research put up with the research question: how to combine qualitative
and quantitative methods to construct Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) on elevator installation to
respond to public concerns?
Firstly, the evaluation content was set based on the capture of public concern factors, and
through big data collection, all 229 popular posts and 3 438 comments under the term “elevator
installation” in Weibo were obtained. Through word frequency analysis and semantic merging, it
was determined that the main issues of public concern are economics, function and operation, which
are subdivided into 1) economic impact, 2) convenience, 3) lighting impact, 4) noise impact, 5)
facade beauty, 6) sight obstruction, 7) operation and 8) security. The noise and lighting impact on the
original building are the most debated aspects and will be the focus in POE.
Tianjin is the third city to enter a deep aging population after Shanghai and Beijing. The author
promoted the compilation of policy files such as the Design Guidelines and Guiding Opinions on
Installing Elevators, and presided over the first elevator installation project in Tianjin. Therefore, this
research takes Tianjin as case study. Objective indicator evaluation using physical measurements
to light and noise impact, and subjective willingness evaluation using semi-structure interviews
were used in POE. A total of 95 interviews with residents in 20 elevator installation projects were
obtained in Tianjin from March 2020 to November 2021. The residents were also required to score
the satisfactory of evaluation aspects from 1-5.
Elevator installation projects in existing residences can be divided into flat-floor entrances, that
is, the elevator hall is connected to the balcony or room, and half-floor entrances, that is, the elevator
hall is at the resting platform of the stairs. Through POE, the following results are obtained. In
terms of function, noise impact and sight obstruction were rated low. In objective evaluation, sound
level meter is used to measure the noise. There is almost no noise impact on residential interiors.
The sound level near the chassis on the top floor is the highest, but top-floor residents are the group
that benefits most from convenience, and often do not reduce their willingness due to the noise. The
illuminance meter measures the light impact in the room nearest the window of each household to
the elevator, which can reflect the indoor lighting conditions that are most affected by the elevator
installation. The elevator on the north side has almost no impact, while adding stairs on the west
side will provide some coverage, but it will also block the western sunshine. The further the distance
between the elevator and the original building, the more obvious the elevator’s blocking effect will
be. Residents are also satisfied with lighting impact. In terms of economics, residents on the top floor
contribute the most, with the funds on the lower floors decreasing in sequence. The construction
cost of flat-floor entrance is higher than that of half-floor entrance. In terms of operation, the operation has the lowest overall satisfaction rating. Residents do not pay attention to the later maintenance of elevators, and some elevators have rainwater
leakage. According to the correlation analysis of satisfaction and the floor residents live in, the overall satisfaction of residents on the second floor is the
lowest. The satisfactory of flat-floor entrance are much higher than that of half-floor entrance. In other respects, traditional media’s publicity on the elevator
installation can effectively increase residents’ willingness. Demonstration projects are of great significance in installing elevators. Besides, residents’
decision-making right should be supported and protected.
The following optimization strategies are conducted based on the POE results: 1) the interests of the homeowners on the ground floor should be
protected. 2) Flat-floor entrance has great advantages over half-floor entrance, because of higher accessibility. 3) Reasonable design and construction can
reduce the impact of lighting and noise, the installation location should be as close as possible to the original residence, choosing glass elevator shafts and
corridors with larger windows can minimize the lightning impact. Prefabricated components and modular construction can reduce the construction timespan.
And the quality of elevators and construction should be guaranteed. 4) As for operation, attention should be paid to the improvement of relevant regulatory
laws and regulations, and to raising residents’ awareness of maintenance.
In conclusion, through POE, this research evaluates and provides feedback on the existing elevator installation projects in Tianjin, responds to public
concerns across the country, corrects the misunderstandings of public perception, explains the questions of residents, and facilitates the implementation of
the elevator installation of existing residential buildings. |
| Key words: old community retrofit elevator installation post occupancy evaluation public concerns |
