| 摘要: |
| 文章以典型滨海城市厦门市为例，进行
风暴潮灾害情景下的灾害影响分析及应急避难
场所分布、可达性、服务性进行评价，为滨海城
市在风暴潮灾害情景下的城市韧性建设提供一
定的参考。结果表明在1.08 m及4.92 m海洋增水
情况下厦门市将分别有331和632个重要城市基
础设施处于灾害风险中。根据应急避难场所可
达性及服务评价，现有的82处大型应急避难场
所和234处其他紧急避难场所不能有效覆盖和
服务灾害风险区域，对此提出了一些应急避难场
所优化和增设的建议。 |
| 关键词: 极端气象灾害 沿海城市 风暴潮 应
急避难场所 厦门 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20230518 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:2021年广州市基础与应用基础研究项目（B32
10180） |
|
| Evaluation and Optimization of Emergency Shelter Configuration in Coastal Cities: Xiamen City Under the Impact of Storm Surge Disaster |
|
LIN Tianxi,NIE Mingxi,LAI Wenbo
|
| Abstract: |
| The deterioration of the current climate situation has led to frequent occurrences of
extreme weather around the world, and typhoons, storm surges and other meteorological and
water hazards pose a serious security threat to China’s coastal cities. Emergency shelters are an
important infrastructure to ensure the safety of cities in disaster scenarios. Therefore, the article
takes the typical coastal city of Xiamen as an example to analyze the disaster impacts and evaluate
the distribution, accessibility, and serviceability of emergency shelters under storm surge disaster
scenarios, to provide certain references for the urban resilience construction of coastal cities under
storm surge disaster scenarios.
The first and second chapters of the article are a review of the research on the two keywords
of storm surge disaster and emergency shelter, a logical establishment of the simulation scenario
of storm surge disaster and the research on the configuration and evaluation of emergency shelters.
Starting from Chapter 3 is the design and experimental calculation part of the study, Chapter 3 first
assumes a storm surge sea level rise scenario and conducts a questionnaire survey to validate the
necessity of the study further, and then conducts a simulation operation of sea level rise and counts
the urban infrastructures that may be affected, the result showed Xiamen’s 331 and 632 important
urban infrastructures will be at risk of sea level rise of 1.08 m and 4.92 m, respectively. Chapter 4 is
about the study of emergency shelters, firstly, the number of configurations, distribution density, and
crowd carrying capacity were analyzed; then, three evacuation scenarios in disasters were assumed
(Scenario A: schools, healthcare facilities, transportation stations, and commercial residences in the
affected area as the starting point, and shelters as the endpoint; Scenario B: urban road intersections
within the affected area as the starting point, and shelters as the endpoint; Scenario C: other shelters
to the fixed emergency shelters) were analyzed for the accessibility of emergency evacuation
sites, followed by an analysis of the functional mix of the city which the Shannon Diversity Index
reflected, and the service area of the evacuation site. Chapter 5 provides a descriptive evaluation of
the distribution and configuration of emergency shelters in Xiamen, and makes recommendations for
upgrading the number and increasing the variety of configurations.
Finally, Chapter 6 summarizes the full study and draws the following conclusions. (1)Coastal
cities like Xiamen face risks from sea-level rise, including seawater inundation, urban flooding, and
storm surges. Although early warnings for such disasters are possibly provided alerts by emergency
and meteorological departments, because people may struggle to find refuge due to inadequate
shelter distribution or evacuation guidance in disasters involving heavy rainfall and storm surges.
(2) Stormwater impact mainly lies in the complex bay area, and the simulation of the potential risk
areas in Xiamen City, including the northern part of Xiamen Island, Haicang District and Xiang’an
District south of the coastal areas, Haicang North, Jimei South, Tong’an and Xiang’an junction and
other inlets or bay terrain. Xiamen City, more than Ⅲ emergency shelter crowd carrying capacity
does not fully match the population distribution, the southern Jimei District and Xiang’an District,lack central Xiamen Island, Xiamen is more perfect but the carrying capacity of the centre compared to the population distribution in the west. As the “new
development pole” of Xiamen, Xiang’an District is weak in terms of emergency shelters, the future development should increase the construction layout of
transportation, health care, and living supply facilities. transportation, medical and living supply facilities should be increased in the urban construction
process. (3) The coverage of evacuation sites in the off-island area is insufficient, which may be because the road network is not as rich and complete as the
on-island area and the distribution of evacuation sites is relatively small. After adding hospitals and schools as evacuation sites, the coverage of the service
area is significantly improved, and the hospital and school complexes can effectively increase the carrying capacity of evacuation sites, especially for disaster
scenarios such as typhoons, storm surges, and torrential rains, in which outdoor evacuation is not possible. (4) The number of facilities that can provide
emergency rescue, external transportation and living services in the service area of emergency shelters outside of Xiamen Island, except for the southern part
of Jimei District, is on the low side, and the degree of mixing of urban functions is low, so that there may be hidden dangers in guaranteeing rescue, material
and transportation services in times of disaster. A greater mix of urban functions would help to improve this and increase people’s sense of security. |
| Key words: Extreme Weather Hazards Coastal Cities Storm Surges Emergency Shelters Xiamen |
