| 摘要: |
| 随着城镇化的持续推进，中国乡村常住
人口大幅度减少，但部分地区的乡村人居空间却
出现了持续的增长，这种“不平衡的人地关系”
严重制约了乡村土地资源的合理利用与乡村空间
的有序发展。如何应对乡村人口收缩事实，提高
乡村土地利用效率，促进乡村空间有序发展，是
乡村振兴背景下亟需研究的重要现实问题。本文
以陕西省县域空间单元为研究对象，采集乡村人
口与农村居民点用地数据，利用人居空间变迁
弹性系数和GIS分析方法，揭示了陕西省县域乡
村人居空间演化特征与类型，并探讨了乡村人居
空间的精明收缩路径。研究结果表明，2000—
2015年，陕西省乡村人居空间表现为明显的“人
缩地扩”特征，2015年以后乡村人居空间收缩趋
势逐渐显现；陕西省农村居民点用地主要集中
分布在关中平原大、中城市主城区周边地域，陕北地区农村居民点主要集中在北洛河、无定河等流域，陕南地区则主要集中在汉中盆地和丹江河
谷；2010—2018年，陕西省县域乡村人居空间演化类型从人减地扩的稀释型向人减地缩的萎缩
型和收缩型转变，萎缩型和收缩型县域数量总计为67个，占全部县域总数的62.62%，以撤村并居
为主要内容的镇村综合改革是陕西省乡村人居空间从增长转向收缩的主要驱动因素；最后，从分
类施策、规划管控、土地管理、乡村治理4个方面提出了乡村人居空间的精明收缩路径。本文可为
乡村振兴背景下陕西省乡村人居空间的优化与高质量发展提供科学决策依据。 |
| 关键词: 乡村人居空间 农村宅基地 演化类型 精明收缩 陕西省 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20230506 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（41971219）；陕西省重
点研发计划项目（211435220242）；中央高校基本科
研业务费专项资金项目（300102352203） |
|
| Evolution Types and Smart Shrinking Path of Rural Human Settlement in Shaanxi Province |
|
HUANG Xin,TAN Xuelan,HUANG Xiaojun
|
| Abstract: |
| With the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization in China, the rural
human settlement space is undergoing drastic changes. These changes are mainly reflected in
the following aspects, the rural hollowing caused by population outflow, the idleness of rural
farmers’ residential housing and the inefficient use of rural construction land. With the continuous
advancement of urbanization, the number of rural residents will continue to decrease in the future,
the same is true of the demand for human settlement space. Therefore, rural contraction and spatial
reconstruction are inevitable trends. However, in the process of the continuous decrease of rural
resident population, in many villages, the phenomenon of empty-disusing houses and the growth of
residential space coexists. On the one hand, the rural resident population has been greatly reduced,
on the other hand, the rural human settlement space continues to grow. This “unbalanced man-land
relationship” has seriously restricted the rational utilization of rural land resources and the orderly
development of rural space. Then, under the background of rural revitalization in the new era, it
is desiderate to pay attention and research these important practical problems, including, how to
deal with the shrinking rural population, how to resolve the contradiction of “population shrinkage
and land expansion”, how to improve the utilization efficiency of rural land resources, and how to
promote the healthy and orderly development of rural space.
From the existing research literature, it is difficult to adapt to the requirements of rural
transformation and change in the new era by relying on the traditional single perspective of rural
settlements research, and it is also impossible to deeply understand the complex mechanism behind
the change of rural human settlements space. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out systematic research
on the evolution process of rural human settlements from a new perspective. Although there have
been some typical case studies of rural human settlements from the perspective of shrinkage, studies
on the process of rural human settlements change and the type of shrinkage evolution at the county
scale are still rare. This paper takes 107 county spatial units in Shaanxi Province as research objects,
and collects the data of rural resident population and rural residential land in each county. Then,
this paper selects a series of indicators, including dynamic degree of rural residential land, nuclear
density of rural settlements, elasticity coefficient of rural human settlement space change, and so
on. Afterwards, using GIS spatial analysis method, this paper reveals the ?楨湡瑮敧湥猠楴癲敥?慤測搠?数捡潴湩潡浬椠挊慤汩?畴獲敩?潵晴?牯畮爠慣汨?牲敡獣楴摥敲湩瑳楴慩汣?氠慡湮摤??慶湯摬?潴扩橯敮挠瑴楹癰敥汳礠?灦爠潲浵潲瑡敬搠??瑭桡敮?獳桥牴楴湬步慭来敮?漠晩?爠畓牨慡污?牸敩猠楐摲敯湶瑩楮慣汥?猠瀊慏据攠??????楡湳慩汳氬礠??捩潳洠扰楡湰敥摲?睡楴瑴桥?瑰桴敳?慴捯琠異慲汯?摯敳癥攠污潮灤洠敥湸瑰?潯晲?匠桡愠慳湥硲楩?偳爠潯癦椠湳捭敡??琠桳敨?晩潮汫汩潮睧椠湰条?晨潳甠牯?愠獲灵敲捡瑬獨?慭牡敮?灳牥潴灴潬獥敭摥?瑴漠??灡牣潥洠潩瑮攠?瑨桡敡?獸浩愠牐瑲?獶桩牮楣湥欮椠渊杉?瀠慳瑵桭?潡晲?爬甠牴慨汥?桦畩浮慡湬?獲敥瑳瑵汬整浳攠湯瑦猠??睥栠楳捴桵?慹爠敡?捥氠慡獳猠楦景楬敬摯?灳漺氠椱挩礠??灯汭愠渲渰椰渰朠?捯漠渲琰爱漵氬??汨慥渠摲?浲慡湬愠杲敥浳敩湤瑥?慴湩摡?爠畡牲慥污?杣潯癮整物湮慵湥捤攠??唠湧摲敯牷??瑷桨敩?扥愠捴歨来爠潲畵湲摡?漠晨?牭畡牮愠氊?牵敡癮楴瑩慴汹椠穤慥瑣楲潥湡??瑤栌楷獨?慣牨琠楳捨汯敷?捤愠湡?瀠牯潢癶楩摯敵?猠捣楨敡湲瑡楣晴楥捲?摳整捩楣獳椬漠湴?浡慴欠楩湳朠“扰慯獰極獬?晴潩牯?琠桳敨?潩灮瑫楡浧楥稠慡瑮楤漠湬?慮湤搠?桸楰条桮?煩畯慮氝椮琠祁?摴敥癲攠氲漰瀱洵攬渠瑴?潥映?牵畲牡慬氠??桳畩浤慥湮?獩敡瑬琠污敲浥敡渠琊?獥灣慲捥敡?楥湤?匠桴慨慥渠硳楨?偩牮潫癩楮湧挠整?end of rural living space began to gradually appear. 2) The large and medium-sized cities in Guanzhong Plain mainly include
Xi’an, Baoji, Weinan, and Xianyang. The rural residential land in the province is concentrated in the surrounding areas of the main urban areas of these cities.
The distribution of rural residential in Northern Shaanxi is relatively scattered, mainly concentrated in Beiluo River, Wuding River and other basins, which
showing a zonal distribution. In southern Shaanxi, the distribution of these rural settlements is mainly concentrated in the Hanzhong Basin and the Danjiang
River Valley. 3) From 2010 to 2018, the types of rural human settlement in counties of Shaanxi Province have undergone great changes. The evolution types
have mainly changed from dilution type to atrophy and contraction type. Among them, the dilution type is characterized by “population shrinkage and land
expansion”, while the atrophy type and contraction type are all characterized by “population shrinkage and land shrinkage” situation. In terms of quantity,
the total number of atrophy type and contraction type counties is 67, accounting for 62.62% of all counties. Then, the main driving factor that makes the rural
human settlement space in Shaanxi Province shift from growth to contraction is the town and village comprehensive reform, with the main content is village
relocation and combination. To a certain extent, this reform has realized the |
| Key words: Rural Human Settlement Space Rural Homestead Evolution Type Smart Shrinking Shaanxi Province |
