| 摘要: |
| 遗址景观是文化景观的重要类型之
一。通过对西安昆明池遗址景观历史变迁的梳
理，结合对其遗址景观现状特点与构成的分析，
并在此基础之上，从空间、时间、精神三个方面
阐释昆明池遗址区的整体价值，从而提出遗址
区的保护与利用的策略，尝试从新的视角凝练
价值内涵，并建立其与相关策略间的关联，为地
域化历史景观的保护与营建提供思路。 |
| 关键词: 文化景观 遗址景观 昆明池 遗址
保护 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20230415 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:住房和城乡建设部软科学研究项目（2020-R 016）；西部绿色建筑国家重点实验室自主研究课
题（LSZZ202111）；国家自然科学基金面上项目
（52078404） |
|
| Value Analysis and Protection and Utilization Framework of “Site Landscape” of Kunming Lake |
|
LYU Lin
|
| Abstract: |
| Site landscape is one of the important types of cultural landscape. Reasonable protection
and utilization of site landscape can not only maintain the safety of cultural relics and the sustainable
development of the area, but also highlight its cultural connotation. The way of protection and utilization
should be based on the goal of continuing its overall value, and on the basis of objective cognition and
evaluation of its heritage value. Kunming Lake site is a famous garden site of Han and Tang dynasties,
located in the southwest of Xi’an, China. The planning and construction of Kunming Lake site area and
its surrounding area are in progress. How to grasp the characteristics of the region, protect the core value
of heritage under this development background is an urgent problem to be studied and solved.
Firstly, this paper reviews the historical changes and evolution of Kunming Lake site landscape
area in Xi’an, which are divided into the pre-lake period (Spring and Autumn Period, Warring States
period, Qin Dynasty), the founding period (Western Han Dynasty), the restoration period (Tang
Dynasty), the decline period (Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties), and the reconstruction period
(modern period). Secondly, it analyzes the characteristics and composition of Kunming Lake site
landscape. Its particularity is mainly reflected in three aspects: good integrity but poor visibility,
large spatial scale and rich types of heritage, heritage overlapping and continuity of times. The
landscape composition of the site area includes material elements and non-material elements, which
are interwoven and related to each other, and they together constitute the rich spatial carrier and
cultural significance of Kunming Lake site landscape.
Site landscape is composed of both “synchronic” elements and “diachronic” cultural values,
which complement and interweave each other. Only comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the
two aspects can fully reflect their complete value connotation, and better realize the protection of
cultural relics, cultural context inheritance and area’s development. As a typical water conservancy
and garden site landscape, the evolution process of Kunming Lake site has distinct “diachrony”, that
is, the attribute of time value. At the same time, the site area is overlaid with the cultural remains of
other historical periods, and its surviving material forms can still show the unique characteristics of
interaction between man and nature.
Based on this, this paper uses three value dimensions inspired by the World heritage cultural
landscape, namely space, time and spirit, to explain the overall value of Kunming Lake site area,
which is more conducive to reflecting the value system of cultural landscape. Combined with
literature research, field investigation, inductive analysis and other methods, the paper makes
a qualitative study on the value characteristics of Kunming Lake site area of the above three
dimensions. The spatial value mainly includes the reasonable and ingenious layout, the classic
paradigm of garden space, and the practice of principle of modeling heaven and earth. The time
value mainly includes the continuous inheritance of ecological hydraulic engineering wisdom,
the continuous evolution of functional characteristics, and the continuous arranging of landscape
network and structure. The spiritual value contains its cultural connotation and cultural image. Then,
on this basis, it summarizes the value connotation, and analyzes the core protection and display
contents of this site area, so as to propose relevant planning strategies for these contents, including
the surrounding space environment, core functional value, various heritage elements, existing water conservancy facilities, historical scenes, cultural connotation, and sequence of time and space.
As sites of different sizes, types and levels in Xi’an are numerous in number and scattered in layout, overlapping and interleaving each other often
occur. Their protection and utilization should start from the overall study of the large-scale geospatial environment on which they are based, and should
not only emphasize the static preservation of objects. Only reasonable active utilization can continue the vitality and cultural influence of heritage. Due
to the particularity of waterscape site landscape, it is impossible to fully apply the utilization mode of other types of site landscape, such as palace site,
mausoleum site, etc. Only on the basis of deep understanding of its own characteristics (including material and non-material levels), can it accurately grasp
the characteristics of its value system to find a clear goal for protection and utilization. However, value analysis should not only focus on a single perspective,
nor only focus on synchronic elements while ignoring the dynamic evolution process. This paper attempts to combine diachronic and synchronic values,
summarize the value connotation of the site area from the latitude of time, space and spirit, and establish the correlation between it with relevant strategies,
so as to provide ideas for the protection and construction of the regional historical landscape. |
| Key words: Cultural Landscape Site Landscape Kunming Lake Site Protection |
