| 摘要: |
| 公园是城市重要的公共开放空间。公
共设施或空间的建设运营投入较高与部分空间
实际使用绩效较低形成现实矛盾。为了推进城市
蓝绿空间的高质量发展，充分发挥公共空间的
公共性，研究者不断从更多视角关注公共设施
或空间的使用绩效与可达性。以昆明市中心城区
31个城市公园为例，提出测度公园空间使用绩效
更具有时效性和准确性的数据和方法，然后结
合多种交通方式可达性建立线性回归模型，量
化两者的关联性；最后根据不同聚类的关系来
分析四类公园的特征、空间分布规律和相关影
响因素。研究结果表明：步行可达性对公园外部
空间使用绩效影响最显著；大部分公园空间使
用绩效和交通可达性较为匹配，但低水平匹配
居多，需要从空间平衡布局方面提出城市公共资源有效配置的规划策略；对关系不匹配的公园，需要关注公园运营管理和周边建设两方面存在的
滞后要素。研究结果对城市公园公共性的充分发挥和持续性建设具有现实意义。 |
| 关键词: 空间使用绩效 交通可达性 城市公园 丘陵地区 昆明 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20230403 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（51668029） |
|
| Study on the Relations Between Spatial Performance and Accessibility of Urban Parks: A Case Study in the Central City of Kunming |
|
CHEN Ju,WANG Fangyu,HE Baohong
|
| Abstract: |
| The park is a typical representative of the harmonious coexistence of natural environment
and artificial environment in hilly cities. Landscape pattern usually becomes an important factor
affecting urban blue-green space layout, so parks in hilly cities are more likely to form unbalanced
layout, and there are obvious differences in accessibility and actual spatial performance for different
parks. Parks are important public open spaces in cities. At present, the high investment in the
construction and operation of public facilities and spaces is contradictory with the low spatial
performance of some spaces. In order to promote the sustainable development of urban blue-green
space and fully reflect the publicness of public spaces, researchers began to pay more attention to the
spatial performance and accessibility of public spaces from more perspectives, and pay attention to
the integration relations between parks and cities. Previous studies on the relations between spatial
performance and accessibility mainly focused on internal spatial performance of parks, and the data
used were relatively simple, with weak accuracy and timeliness. In addition, the construction of
park has an obvious positive external effect on the development of it’s surrounding areas. There is
insufficient research and consensus on the indicators of the exterior spetial performance. Therefore,
the relatively accurate and dynamic measurement of parks’ spatial performance supported by multi source spatio-temporal data is of practical significance for the full development of the potential of
urban parks and their sustainable construction.
This paper selects 31 parks with lands of over 10 hm2
area in the central city of Kunming as
research samples, and proposes more time-sensitive and accurate data and methods to measure
the spatial performance of parks. Then, a linear regression model is established based on the
accessibility of various transportation modes, and it’s correlation with spatial performance of parks
is quantitatively analyzed. Finally, a clustering method based on self-organizing map (SOM) neural
networks is used to classify the park samples, and then characteristics of the spatial distribution and
related influencing factors of various parks are analyzed. This paper takes the parks’ operational
performance and efficiency as the indicators of internal spatial performance. Additionally, six
indicators, including POI density, mixing degree of urban functions and permanent population
density around the parks, are used as the indicators of exterior spatial performance. In this paper,
pedestrian and vehicular topology network are constructed, and angle measurement is employed as
a metric for pedestrian and vehicular accessibility. Additionally, it utilizes the nearest distance from
park entrance/exit to rail transit station as a measure of the rail transit accessibility.
The results show that: 1) The pedestrian accessibility has the most significant positive effect on
exterior spatial performance of parks. Improving pedestrian accessibility can improve the positive
externality effect of parks, which is conducive to the realization of publicness of public space, while
vehicle accessibility has a negative correlation with exterior spatial performance of parks. 2) Two types of better matching relations between parks’ spatial performance and pedestrian accessibility are: “high accessibility-high performance” parks and “low
accessibility-low performance” parks. The two are located in the core area and the edge area of the city respectively, and both have the problem of imbalance
between the supply of green space of parks and the demand of providing service population, but the former is insufficient supply and the latter is insufficient
demand. 3) The other two types of parks are the mismatching relations between spatial performance and pedestrian accessibility. The problems for the two
types of parks are partial, and they are easier to be improved, compared with the problems for the “low accessibility - low performance” parks. Future studies
can obtain more data to measure the spatial performance, and more comprehensively reflect the multiple values of urban parks. The studies can further
evaluate the relations between accessibility and spatial performance such as community parks with lands of less than 10 hm2
size, so as to form a relatively
complete evaluation of urban green space system and a more sustainable planning and design strategy. |
| Key words: Spatial Performance Accessibility Urban Park Hilly Region Kunming City |
