| 摘要: |
| 乡村聚落的营建综合考虑自然气候因
素的影响，具有低能耗人居环境气候适应性特
征。利用CiteSpace软件,对近30年来的567篇文
献进行乡村聚落气候适应性的可视化分析，旨在
论述乡村聚落气候适应性研究进展，展望未来
发展趋势。首先，通过文献梳理整理乡村聚落气
候适应性的主要研究内容、发展历程、发展趋
势；其次，探讨大、中和小三个尺度与乡村聚落
气候适应性的关系及其研究现状；然后，梳理乡
村聚落气候适应性适用的人体舒适度评价指标
和研究方法；最后，针对乡村聚落气候适应性不
同尺度提出建议及展望，以期为乡村聚落可持
续建设发展提供参考。 |
| 关键词: 气候区划 气候环境 数据可视化 人
体舒适度 空间形态 知识图谱 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20230321 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金地区项目（51968012） |
|
| Research Progress on Climate Adaptation of Rural Settlements |
|
ZHENG Wenjun,WANG Na,DENG Rong,SUN Shuo
|
| Abstract: |
| The construction of rural settlements takes into account the influence of natural
climatic factors and has the characteristics of low energy consumption and climate adaptability of
human settlements. Under the background of the implementation of the “double carbon” and rural
revitalization strategy in the new era, it is necessary to clarify the climate adaptability principle
of rural settlements and carry out in-depth research on the climate adaptability system of rural
settlements. On the one hand, it is conducive to interpreting and regaining the climate adaptation
wisdom of traditional construction, protecting and inheriting low-energy climate adaptation
experience. On the other hand, it can provide a reference guide for the construction of a livable low energy living environment and rural settlement planning.
In this paper, CiteSpace software was used to search the core collection database of China
National Knowledge Infrastructure and Web of Science, combined with keywords such as “village”
“settlement”“climate” “climate adaptation” and “microclimate” for literature analysis. From 1990
to 2020, 567 Chinese and English works of literature were searched. Visualization analysis of
the climate adaptability of rural settlements in these articles, combing the development process
and results from the distribution of the climate adaptability of rural settlements, discussing the
research progress of the climate adaptability of rural settlements, and looking forward to the future
development trend were conducted.
Firstly, through the works of literature review, the main research contents, development history,
and development trend of rural settlement climate adaptability are sorted out. By analyzing the
number and tendency of publications, the domestic and foreign rural settlement climate research is
divided into three stages: initial exploration period (1990-2000), gradual rise period(2001-2010), and
rapid development period( 2011-2020 ). Through the classification and analysis of high-frequency
keywords, it is found that scholars’ researches on the climate adaptability of rural settlements
focuses on the following aspects : (1) Research on the adaptability characteristics of rural settlements
in different climatic regions at the macro level ; (2) Taking the village as the main body at the
middle and micro level, the climate adaptability of its landform and environmental characteristics,
traditional residential forms and underlying surface is analyzed. (3) Focusing on people’s perception
of climate, and study the relationship between climate adaptability and human comfort in rural
settlements.
Secondly, according to the spatial scale, time range, and classification of rural settlements, the
relationship between large, medium, and small scales, the climate adaptability of rural settlements,
and their research status are discussed. The research on the climate adaptability of large-scale
rural settlements mainly focuses on the overall layout of villages and the climate adaptability
characteristics of rural settlements in various climate zones. The climate adaptability of mesoscale
rural settlements is mainly based on villages, and the climate adaptability analysis of its landform
and environmental characteristics mainly includes three aspects: settlement location, building layout,
and vegetation planting. The study of micro-climate adaptability of rural settlements at a small scale
includes the influence of climate factors on indoor physical environment and comfort, as well as the
adaptation characteristics of the building structure, building form, and building use mode to climate,
mainly from the traditional residential form, underlying surface, public structure nodes and other
aspects of climate adaptability analysis.Then, the human comfort evaluation indicators and research methods applicable to the climate adaptability of rural settlements are sorted out.
By analyzing the relationship between the climate adaptability of rural settlements and human comfort, the indicators of human comfort are classified
and the scope of application of the evaluation indicators is obtained. Due to the influence of weather, site, and other factors, most scholars choose “field
measurement” and “software simulation” to study the relationship between landscape elements and the climate adaptability of rural settlements. In addition
to the analysis of “field measurement” and “software simulation”, the main research methods of climate adaptability of rural settlements under three different
scales of large, medium, and small are also analyzed.
Finally, under the background of “double carbon” in the new era, rural revitalization, and traditional village protection, this paper puts forward research
suggestions and prospects for the climate adaptability of rural settlements from the macro, medium, and micro levels, hoping to improve the scientific and
technological system adapting to climate change, establish a comprehensive three-dimensional network climate observation system, strengthen the research
on climate adaptability under different settlement pattern classification and spatial classification characteristics, and improve specific adaptability indicators
and methods, to provide references for the sustainable construction and development of rural settlements. |
| Key words: Climatic Regionalization Climate Environment Data Visualization Human Comfort Space Form Knowledge Map |
