| 摘要: |
| 为保护中国山岳景观的地域性、独特
性和多样性。选取粤中地区五处典型名山风景
区道观园林为研究对象，依据景观特征的层级
结构理论，通过民族志、文化研究和文本分析
等方法，总结出粤中名山风景区道观园林通过
组合自然景观要素和道文化、广府文化景观要
素，构建出“云山仙境”的格局特征、“均衡守
序”的序列特征、“自然向道”的意境特征。有利
于展现名山风景区道观园林的审美文化特色，
推动中国名山风景区的建设发展和文化传承。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林美学 粤中名山风景区 道观
园林 景观特征层级结构理论 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20230319 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（51978272） |
|
| Study on Landscape Characters of Taoist Gardens in Famous Mountain Scenic Spots in Central Guangdong Province |
|
WANG Xin,TANG Xiaoxiang,XU Yingjin,BAI Ying
|
| Abstract: |
| The Taoist gardens in famous mountain scenic spots reflect the spiritual significance and
vitality of Taoist culture and regional ethnic culture to the natural mountain environment, and play
a prominent role in protecting, inheriting, and sustainable development of China’s mountain natural
and cultural landscape heritage. At present, the protection of Taoist gardens in famous mountain
scenic spots is often limited to individual buildings, failing to effectively understand their deep seated landscape environment and internal cultural characters, resulting in the increasing tourism and
homogenization of Taoist gardens in famous mountain scenic spots. The Taoist gardens in famous
mountain scenic spots are based on natural mountains, and different landscape characters have
grown under the influence of Taoist culture and different regional cultures. Therefore, this article
explores how Taoist gardens in famous mountain scenic spots in China organize various landscape
elements to form landscape characters with a sense of place, which is an important guarantee for
maintaining the regional, unique, and diverse nature of Chinese mountain landscapes. At present,
foreign research on Taoist gardens in famous mountain scenic areas in China mostly focuses on
perspectives such as religious ideology, artistic characters, and cultural dissemination. In China, the
entry point is mostly from the perspectives of spatial pattern, landscape elements, and environmental
characters. At this stage, the research on Taoist gardens in famous mountain scenic spots from the
perspective of a specific element has begun to bear fruit. How to excavate the specific combination
of natural landscape and human landscape elements as a whole and reveal the logical relationship
of landscape characteristics need to be further combed and studied. The famous mountain scenic
spots in central Guangdong have long history of Taoist gardens and are important birthplaces of
Lingnan Taoist culture. The Sanyuan Temple in Yuexiu Mountain is the first Taoist garden in the
Lingnan region. The Yunquan Temple in Xiqiao Mountain has a significant influence on Hong Kong,
Macao, and the South China Sea region. The Taoist garden in Luofu Mountain is also known as the
“Caverns of Heaven and Place of Blessing” of Taoism, which is an important birthplace of Lingnan
Taoist culture. They have a profound impact on the landscape construction of Taoist gardens in other
famous mountain scenic spots in Lingnan. Based on the hierarchical structure theory of landscape
characteristics and the method of qualitative research, this paper takes five typical Taoist gardens in
the famous mountain scenic spot in central Guangdong as the research object, and summarizes that
Taoist gardens in the famous mountain scenic spots in central Guangdong, as a complex composed
of natural mountain environment, Taoist culture and Cantonese culture, have formed regional
landscape characteristics due to specific combination forms. Research has shown that, depending
on natural environmental factors such as continuous mountain shapes, abundant caves, and year round clouds and mist, the pattern character of the “Fairyland Mountain” mainly reflect the shaping
of mountain landscapes by Taoist culture, which is the material manifestation of traditional Chinese
sacred space in the mountains of central Guangdong. The sequence characters reflect the joint action
of Taoist culture and Guangfu culture on land renovation activities. Based on the natural features of
the land, the creation of landscape, architecture, and element sequences reflects “Balance and Order”.
As a materialized manifestation of humanistic art, the artistic character reflects the concepts and
meanings of Taoist culture and Guangfu culture, which are integrated into the natural environment through traditional Chinese gardening techniques, highlighting the cultural expression of “Nature towards Tao”. The Taoist gardens in the famous mountain
scenic spots in central Guangdong are based on natural mountains, combined with Taoist culture and Guangfu culture to form unique landscape characters.
They are excellent examples of Chinese ancient scenic culture. Exploring the characters of Taoist gardens in famous mountain scenic spots in central
Guangdong does not only enrich the academic content of the research system of Chinese famous mountain scenic areas, but also explores the unique cultural
and regional characteristics of Chinese famous mountain scenic resources from a new perspective. |
| Key words: Aesthetics of Landscape and Garden Famous Mountain Scenic Spot in Central Guangdong Taoist Garden Hierarchical Structure Theory of
Landscape Characteristics |
