| 摘要: |
| 从现代规划制度的概念本源进行探
讨，回顾新时期空间规划与治理体制转型的成
果与局限，并尝试对其进一步转型方向提出若
干基础性思考。首先，通过反思现代规划制度的
发展历史，认为现代规划以公共利益为目标、以
国家强制力为手段，并已形成了专业的学术领域
和专门的执业者。其次，回顾了我国新时期空间
规划与治理体制转型的背景、过程与方向，指出
其主要成果在于统筹了发展和保护、推进了“多
规合一”，以及持续完善了国土空间规划的理论
建构。最后，面对近几年我国空间规划编制与实
施中的客观困境，从“优化公共参与机制、调整
刚性管控边界、厘清体系层级结构、发挥专业
技术力量”四个维度提出了进一步推进体制转
型的重点方向。 |
| 关键词: ：空间规划 空间治理 体制转型 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20230311 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:天津市创新类“项目+团队”重点培养专项（XC20
2061）；国家自然科学基金面上项目（51978447） |
|
| Retrospect and Prospect of the Transformation of Spatial Planning and Governance System in China’s New Era |
|
CAI Liangwa,Wang Jiabei,LI Jinxuan
|
| Abstract: |
| In recent years, domestic scholars with different disciplines such as planning, geography,
and economics have put forward some insightful views on spatial planning and its governance
systems. However, most of the existing researches focus on the logical rationality, case references
or specific technologies of spatial planning, while relatively few studies reflect on the process of
institutional transformation from an overall perspective. In this context, this paper discusses the
conceptual origin of modern planning system, reviews the achievements and limitations of the
transformation of spatial planning and governance system in the new era, and tries to put forward
some basic thoughts on the direction of its further transformation.
By reflecting on the development history of the modern planning system, it is believed that
modern planning takes the public interest as the goal and the state coercive force as the means, and
has formed a professional academic field and specialized practitioners. As a public policy, modern
urban and rural planning is public interest-oriented planning, which is closely related to spatial
governance and social participation. Planning behavior is often regarded as the unification of ideal
blueprint and implementable process, and grasping the relationship between strategic guidance and
rigid control has become the key problem to be solved in planning.
This paper also reviews the background, process and direction of the transformation of spatial
planning and governance system in the new period, and points out that its main achievements lie in
coordinating development and protection, promoting “multi-planning integration”, and continuously
improving the theoretical construction of spatial planning. As an inevitable correction under the
misalignment of planning functions and planning goals, the transformation of spatial planning and
its governance system is a practical upgrade in the new era, which not only reflects the in-depth
understanding of the modern planning system, but also marks that China’s planning has become
more coordinated.
In the face of the objective dilemma in the preparation and implementation of China’s spatial
planning in recent years, this paper proposes four suggestions to further promote the system
transformation direction. First, when the government uses force to optimize the allocation of natural
resources based on planning authority, it should always aim to improve the quality of life of residents
and eliminate internal losses in urban and rural development. The key is to promote the role of local
governments in planning changing from management to governance. The purpose of optimizing the
public participation mechanism is to return to the original intention of the modern planning system,
strengthen the public interest orientation in spatial planning and governance, and integrate “open-door
planning” into the construction of governance-oriented local governments. Second, effective planning
is the unification of static blueprint and dynamic process, and the combination of forward-looking goals
and scientific paths. In this sense, space planning is not only about finding an optimal ending, but also
about pursuing the optimal resource preservation and value-added process under given rules. Therefore, it
should adjust rigid control in planning means introducing a negative list system in spatial planning. Third,
it should clarify the hierarchical structure of the planning system. Taking the master plan as an example,
it can be sorted into three levels on the basis of the “five levels”, setting the direction and bottom line for
the lower levels in turn, and leaving room for refinement. Fourth, while giving full play to the supporting role of scientific research institutions and think tanks in planning compilation, it is also necessary to guide planners to give full play to the value of their own “semi subjective status” in system design. In the planning reform, it is necessary to deal with the multi-subject relationship in construction and operation in a broad sense,
and to make up for the lack of technical level of the planning subject of the bureaucratic local government and the inherent defects of the working model. Similarly,
the role of planners should be guided and supported to make greater contributions to the preparation of spatial planning, especially through the use of their unique
professional capabilities to promote the realization of effective spatial governance.
In general, as a paradigm shift, the institutional transformation of spatial planning and governance is essentially an academic revolution, which needs to
go through many times of falsification and trial and error. In this sense, the transformation is far from over. The current achievements and some “consensus’
still need to be tested by long-term practice before they can be systematized and institutionalized. This paper proposes four key directions for further
promoting the transformation of spatial planning and governance systems from different dimensions. In any case, it should be noted that the optimization
strategies of the above four dimensions will not quickly become a reality in practice based on theoretical discussions, and the in-depth reform of spatial
planning also depends on the overall update of the macro-governance environment. |
| Key words: Spatial Planning Spatial Governance Institutional Transformation |
