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| 城市光污染现状对比研究 |
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郝 影1,2, 白 煜3,4, 汪剑波5, 卢 俊6, 邓小文7
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1.天津大学精密仪器与光电子工程学院，
微光机电系统技术教育部重点实验室，
博士研究生;2.天津市生态环境监测中心，
高级工程师;3.（通讯作者）：南京航空航天大学经济与管
理学院，博士研究生;4.中国环保产业协
会，高级工程师，868665@qq.com;5.长春理工大学，副教授;6.长春理工大学，教授;7.天津市生态环境监测中心，教授级高级
工程师
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| 摘要: |
| 随着经济的发展、现代化程度的提升，
光已经成为人类生活必不可缺的物质之一。但
随着各种光源的使用，由过度照明导致光污染
问题也逐渐凸显出来。本文针对我国光环境问
题，选择东北、西南、华东和东南地区代表性城
市，开展区域光环境测试，对比研究了各地区光
污染现状。结果表明：各城市高亮度区域的广场
照明环境存在不同程度的过度照明，光污染较
为严重，其中重庆最严重，依次为深圳、杭州和
哈尔滨；城市道路亮度水平差距较大，其中哈尔
滨主、次干道照明亮度均较高，点位超标率达到
70 %以上，重庆次干路亮度过高，杭州主干路
亮度过高，深圳主、次干道亮度适中。我国过度
照明导致的光污染问题较为突出，典型城市间，
以经济发达、人口较多的城市光污染程度较高，
充分显示出光污染与城市特点密切相关。 |
| 关键词: 典型城市 区域 光污染 照度 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20230310 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家生态环境标准项目（2022-5） |
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| Comparative Study on Present Situation of Light Pollution in Various Urban Cities of China |
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HAO Ying,BAI Yu,WANG Jianbo,LU Jun,DENG Xiaowen
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| Abstract: |
| With the development of economy and the promotion of modernization, light has become
one of the essential substances in human life. However, with the use of various light sources, the
problem of light pollution caused by excessive lighting has gradually become prominent. In recent
years, with the continuous improvement of urbanization level, urban light project leads to more
and more bright nights in our country, which has an adverse effect on human health and ecological
environment. In order to understand the current situation of excessive lighting in urban areas
in China, this paper selected Harbin, Chongqing, Hangzhou and Shenzhen as representatives in
Northeast China, Southwest China, East China and Southeast China respectively to investigate and
monitor the light environment based on factors such as urban geographical location, population size
and economic development. This paper explores and carries out research on light pollution in the
field of urban over-lighting, and proposes suggestions on light environment control in different types
of cities through comparative analysis of urban over-lighting characteristics, so as to provide data
support for urban light environment management in China. The results show that by comparing the
light environment monitoring data of four cities in China, it is found that there are areas with serious
light pollution in all cities, such as high-light area in Chongqing, medium-light area in Shenzhen,
main road in Harbin and Hangzhou, and secondary road in Chongqing. Shenzhen, which has the
most prosperous economy, has a prominent problem of light pollution in its urban residential areas
and general public areas. In the aspect of road lighting, the prominent problems are insufficient
lighting brightness and small range and degree of light pollution. The lighting brightness of main
and secondary roads in Harbin is high, and the over-standard rate of spot position is more than 70%.
It is urgent to strengthen the control of road lighting, which indicates that the degree and type of
urban light pollution are not only closely related to the level of urban economic development, but also
related to urban management and people’s way of life. It can also be seen from the comparative study
of the measured data that the test data of the points with the same type of light environment in the
city have a large deviation (such as flood control Monument and Sophia Square in E4 Zone of Harbin,
Longxiang Bridge and Qianjiang New City in E4 zone of Hangzhou, and Civic Center Square and
Zhongxin Square in E3 Zone of Shenzhen, etc.), which is due to the selection process of typical
light environment areas. The complexity and diversity of Chinese urban regional features cannot
be fully demonstrated only by the existing classification methods based on regional characteristics.
For example, the point location of Qianjiang New City in E4 District of Hangzhou is located in the
central area of the city, but it is actually a plaza in the community and the light environment is dark,
which leads to inaccurate positioning of evaluation standards. Therefore, according to our national
characteristics, it needs to further refine the classification method of light environment region.
The investigation found that due to the lack of supporting light environmental management and
pollution prevention legal documents in the planning, construction, acceptance and maintenance
of urban light source design, the light source design of urban area lighting and road lighting is
mostly based on whether the lighting brightness meets the environmental requirements, resulting
in the opposite phenomenon, i.e. the city and road excessive lighting vs. insufficient brightness. In
addition, China has not yet developed mandatory technical standards for light pollution limitation
applicable to the comprehensive field of ecological environmental protection, and the environmental
regulatory indicators based on excessive lighting are not clear, so it is urgent to carry out deeper research. In this light environment monitoring, illuminance monitoring method is point light source monitoring method, which has low test efficiency, large
human error and cumbersome calculation process, and is difficult to cope with heavy light environment measurement work. Therefore, the detection method
of light pollution needs to be optimized and improved. In general, light pollution has inevitably penetrated into people’s lives, especially the excessive
lighting in high-brightness areas and urban road environment. It is urgent to carry out legislation on light environment protection, clarify the definition of
light pollution from laws and regulations, divide government responsibilities, improve the supervision system of light pollution, and form a mechanism for
light environment protection. On the basis of fully considering the distribution of light pollution and the situation of regional economic development, it is
necessary to promulgate the important technical standards of light environment quality, which determine whether outdoor light environment is reasonable,
so as to have legal basis for supervision. The Technical Code for Regional Division of Urban Outdoor Light Environment has been formulated to realize the
fine management of light pollution, so as to comprehensively solve the problem of light pollution caused by the rapid development of urbanization and create
a comfortable, green and harmonious light environment. |
| Key words: Typical Cities Areas Light Pollution Illuminance |
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