| 摘要: |
| 名列首批世界灌溉工程遗产的东风
堰，在过去360余年里，为夹江的农业发展、生
态保护、人居环境改善产生了巨大效益。基于灌
区人居景观体系理论、罗西类型学、皮尔逊相关
性分析及K-Means聚类算法对东风堰灌区人居
景观体系格局特征与发展现状进行研究。首先
依据人居景观体系理论甄别出潜在三大研究要
素“水系—农田—村落”，对相关数据筛选、清
理和整合后，运用类型学理论和皮尔逊相关系数证明了三大要素的承载关系具有高度相关性和耦合性。进而，较为创新地运用计算机无监督学
习K-Means聚类算法解析现代灌区人居景观体系：以灌区内的行政村①为基本单元，选择村域内
水系数、灌溉农田面积和承载人口数为三组数据指标，对灌区“水系—农田—村落”景观体系的
关系迭代计算归类，得到三类村落的聚类阈值。进一步量化村落聚类关系，运用景观生态学及图
底关系理论分析各类村落异质性特征及验证其水资源安全及农业生产模式的合理性，并给出各
类村落的人均拥水量评估标准建议，总结出灌区城乡建设应遵循“以水定产，以产定人”的规划
原则，同时提出了不同水资源条件下的产业模式策略。为东风堰世界灌溉工程遗产传承提出保护
建议、灌区村落未来发展提供相关参考值，并为其他同类型灌区的人居环境建设提供典例。 |
| 关键词: K-means聚类算法 灌区景观 东风堰 人居景观体系 世界灌溉工程遗产 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20230211 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家社科基金艺术学重大项目（22ZD16）；国家文
物局重点科研基地项目“灌溉工程遗产保护理论与
技术体系研究”（2020ZCK207）；中国水科院科研
专项“水利遗产重点实验室”（JZ0199B212019） |
|
| Research and Analysis of Habitat Landscape Features in Irrigation Areas Based on K-MeansClustering Algorithm: Taking the World Heritage Irrigation Structures Dongfeng Weir asan Example |
|
YANG Yubing,NI Kexin,GUO Wei,CHEN Chongxian,LI Yunpeng
|
| Abstract: |
| World Heritage Irrigation Structures (WHIS) aims to understand the main achievements
of traditional irrigation systems and the key features that support their long-term operation.
Dongfeng Weir, the first batch of World Heritage Irrigation Structures, has benefited the agricultural
development, ecological protection, and human settlements improvement of Jiajiang in the past
360 years. However, the values of Dongfeng Weir remain scarcely explored in this regard, and a
comprehensive understanding of its values is needed to promote sustainable use. Therefore, this
paper provides studies on Dongfeng Weir irrigation area, as a typical example of the development of
the human settlements in similar River plains. It has significant cultural and practical significance
for the heritage of irrigation engineering in the irrigation area, human settlements landscape, rural
revitalization, and ecological civilization construction.
To support the preservation of the heritage irrigation structures and the sustainable development
of the irrigation area, this paper aimed to assess multiple landscape elements of the irrigation area,
evaluate the performance of heritage irrigation structures in terms of canal system, irrigation land,
and the population, provide relevant data thresholds to quantify the heterogeneity of villages, and
provide development strategies according to the heterogeneity of villages. Based on landscape
ecology and pattern theories, this paper found three elements of the canal system, irrigation land, and
village conforms to the standard deviation ellipse, and the direction of the village is consistent with
the flow direction of the canal system. To explore the quantification links among the three elements,
the Pearson correlation coefficient measured the degree of correlation between every two variables of
“canal system”, “irrigation land” and “population” refers to the element of villages, with subsequent
findings showing that the human settlements landscape system in the Dongfeng Weir irrigation area
conforms to the correlation coupling of the three elements: canal system, irrigated land, and the
village under strong control and guidance of the irrigation canal system. The suggestions of basic
research units were put forward to ensure the quantification of the characteristics of the humansettlements landscape system in the Dongfegn Weir irrigation area.
By using the administrative villages in the irrigation area as the basic unit, the paper quantified and studied the characteristics of the human settlements
landscape system in the Dongfeng Weir irrigation area by applying the K-Means clustering algorithm. The k-Means clustering algorithm was run and then
adjusted to categorize per capita water data. It proved the assumption that the water resources would decide the type and productivity of the agricultural
industry in the irrigation landscape system by inputting the data, as indicators of the factors water resource, agricultural land, and the population, including
the number of the canals, the lengths of the canals, the amount of the water, the area of the agricultural land, and the population. This paper highlights three
levels of thresholds to examine the safety of water resources.
The result shows three clustering thresholds indicating three types of village systems. 1) I type of village, with 1.32 m 3 /p water volume, occupies the
scarcest of the irrigation water resource. Canals and the network systems of the water are discrete and thin. Farmland developed along the canal system is
block-shaped or irregularly scattered. 2) II type of villages, with 4.24 m 3 /p water volume, occupying abundant water resources, has head ditches and main
canals traversing. The villages develop seasonal agricultural planting patterns and multiple strategies due to seasonal floods. The water system divides the
farmland into block-shaped sections, and the villages are distributed linearly along the water system or embedded in the farmland as patches. 3) III type
of village, with 5.86 m 3 /p water volume, occupying highly abundant water source, has multiple patterns of canal system, including the head ditch, main
canal, lateral ditch, and some of the villages hold several levels of the water system that creates a capillary canal system. This type of village has excellent
geographical conditions, with ideal spatial relationships between the villages and water system, and fewer flood threats. Moreover, the villages are close
to the water control system, which facilitates the regulation and adjustment of water resources. 4)IV type of village, these villages gradually formed by
gathering scattered farmers due to the changes, development, and management of the Dongfen Weir head. Such villages are distributed around the water
intake of the weir head or on both sides of the main canal. Villages locate closer to the weir head grow along the main canal on the fringe of the village. The
canal system runs through the farmland, forming a grid-like texture.
The index for evaluating the per capita water resource will promote the assessment of the quantitative relationship among the water resource,
agricultural land, and population. It emphasizes the principle of “water-orientated irrigation area development”, which will set the paradigm for the future
development of the irrigation area in terms of heritage irrigation structures preservation and sustainable industrial development in rural areas. |
| Key words: K-Means Clustering Algorithm Irrigation Area Landscape Dongfeng Weir Human Settlements Landscape System World Heritage
Irrigation Structures |
