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| 摘要: |
| 健康老龄化背景下，建成环境与老年
群体心理健康的关系逐渐受到学界各方关注。
通过天津市中心城区16个典型老旧小区627位老
人的调查问卷以及现场审计、遥感影像等多源
数据，研究利用多级回归模型、中介效应模型、
倾向值匹配法，探讨中国特定城市居住背景下绿
色空间影响老年人心理健康的路径与机制。结
果发现老年人心理健康受个人层面与邻里层面
两方面因素影响。其中邻里层面绿色空间的覆
盖度、功能以及景观植被对老年人心理健康产
生正向影响，并且体力活动以及社会凝聚力起
到中介作用。研究为绿色空间对老年人心理健康
有益的潜在假设提供了证据，并且建议通过有针
对性的城市更新规划与老旧小区改造措施促进
老年心理健康。 |
| 关键词: 绿色空间 心理健康 老年人 中介效应 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20220511 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
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| Influence Mechanism of Green Space on Older Adults’ Mental Health: Taking OldResidential Area of Tianjin as an Example |
|
GAO Mengxi, SONG Kun, KONG Jiangwei, YUAN Yiqian
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| Abstract: |
| Under the background of healthy aging, the relationship between the built
environment and health of older adults has gradually attracted attention from all academic
circles. Through multi-source data such as social survey questionnaires from 627 older adults,
on-site audits and remote sensing images of 16 typical old residential communities in the central
area of Tianjin, this study has used the multilevel regression model, mediation effect model and
propensity score matching method to explore the mechanism of green space affecting older
adults’ mental health.
This paper hypothesizes that the influence mechanism of green space on the mental health
of the elderly is divided into three paths: First, green space has a direct impact on older adults’
mental health; second, green space improves older adults’ mental health by enhancing social
cohesion; Third, green spaces improve older adults’ mental health by promoting physical
activity. Results show that there is spatial heterogeneity in the older adults’ mental health at
the neighborhood level. Neighborhood-level factors explain 17% of the overall difference in
the mental health of the elderly. The role of the external environment cannot be ignored. At
the 5% significant level, green space coverage and function are positively correlated with older
adults’ mental health, while landscape vegetation has a positive correlation at the 1% significant
level. The propensity score matching method was used to verify that the green space coverage,
function and landscape which were still significantly correlated with older adults’ mental
health, and there was no interference from the self-selection mechanism. It is indicated that
under the background of rapid urbanization, the green space in the old community with a long
history and a relatively compact shape can still maintain the older adults’ mental health positive
association. Social cohesion and physical activity have a mediating effect on the effect of green
space on the mental health of the elderly. The proportion, function, and vegetation landscape of
green space are positively correlated with the physical activity and social cohesion respectively.
Physical activity and social cohesion are also positively correlated with older adults’ mental
health. Green space can directly or indirectly promote older people’s mental health. However,
the relationship between green space accessibility and mental health is not strong, and it may
be due to the layout constraints of old residential communities that close-range environmental
exposure cannot have a differential impact on mental health. At the level of individual factors, older adults’ mental health was associated with selfreported
general health and socioeconomic attributes, including gender, education, income, and type of residence.
This paper has demonstrated the direct influence of the quantity and quality of green space in old residential areas on mental health and
verified the mediating effect of social cohesion and physical activity. Not only can green spaces promote mental health in older adults, but also they
can encourage physical activity and increase meaningful social cohesion among older adults. It is recommended to integrate and utilize the stock
resources of old residential areas and construct green spaces with complex functions. Specifically, it is to configure fitness facilities that adapt to
different intensities of physical activity and create multiple types of leisure space aim at the improvement of the functional affordability, viewing and
recognition of green space. The study provides evidence for a potential hypothesis that green spaces are beneficial to older adults’ mental health and
recommends targeted urban renewal planning and old residential community renovation measures to improve public health. |
| Key words: Green Space Mental Health Older Adults Mediation Effect |
