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| 摘要: |
| 中国文人园林作为文人诗意栖居和养
生实践的空间载体，其空间营造不仅注重劳形固
精、赏心悦目的形体颐养，更侧重以诗书画境和
文人价值观为内核的心神怡养，是中国健康园
林的典范。文章以传统文化和医学理论“精气
神”为基础，构建中国文人园林健康思想的解
析框架，并以网师园为例，通过空间的理性分析
和诗画吟咏的感性解读，从空间营造、园林居游
和诗情画意三个层面，阐述文人园林在涵养人
体之“精气神”方面的重要价值。研究对以健康
为导向的园林建设具有启示意义，即健康园林
不仅关注环境营造，更注重诗意居游方式和人
文情思在康养中的重要作用。 |
| 关键词: 风景园林 文人园林 健康思想 精气
神 网师园 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20220509 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
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| Research on the Healthy Thoughts of Chinese Literati Garden: Taking the Master-of-NetsGarden as an Example |
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SU Xiaoli, WANG Caiyun, ZHOU Xin, QIN Renqiang
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| Abstract: |
| Chinese literati garden, as the space carrier of literati’s poetic and health dwelling,
not only pays attention to the physical maintenance of body perception, but also focuses on
the spiritual well-being with poetry and calligraphy as the core, so it is a model of Chinese
health garden. This paper constructs the analytical framework of Chinese literati garden health
thought based on the “Essence-Energy-Spirit” theory, which is the crystallization of Chinese
traditional medical theory and oriental health wisdom for thousands of years. Among them,
“essence”（精）refers to all tangible materials to maintain human life. In literati gardens, it
is cultivated mainly through the life behavior of combining work and rest which is achieved
mainly through rational spatial and functional layout. “energy”（气）refers to the breath
of people. People breathe in and out of Energy through the lungs to achieve the balance
between the internal and external environment of the human body. Therefore, the creation of
microclimate environment in the garden is an important guarantee for a smooth flow of air,
health and longevity of people in the garden. “spirit”（神）refers to people’s thinking activities,
motion perception and mental state. These are the key to spiritual cultivation that quiet and
elegant living environment, comprehensive perception, thinking training, good emotional
regulation and other mental cultivation. The literati garden is better than the general garden in
the aspect of spiritual cultivation, because it lays more emphasis on pleasing the eyes, placing
the ideal, cultivating the temperament and integrating the independent personality and aesthetic
concept of literati and scholar-officials.
Taking the Master-of-Nets Garden as an example, this paper expounds the important
value of literati gardens in cultivating people’s “essence-energy-spirit” from three levels. First
of all, the space construction of the garden is based on the comfort of life as the goal which is
mainly achieved through the circulation and purification of air with the overall spatial layout
and details of the space design to adjust the microclimate environment. At the same time,
the builder combines the space characteristics, the garden owner’s living habits and daily
routes to make a reasonable arrangement. Secondly, this paper analyzes the positive effects of
living in the garden on people’s physical and mental health by taking poetry, real space and
historical data about the Master-of-Nets Garden as the main content. Through the analysis of
the correspondence between that including changes of the body’s organs, health behavior, as
well as space image in the Eight Notes of preserve one’s health written by literati in Ming Dynasty and that the space environment, plant function
and the behavior of poetry of the Master-of-Nets Garden, the research concluded that the thought of “conforming to the order of time and space” of
traditional Chinese literati health and the pursuit of a healthy livable environment and healthy life. At the same time, taking the banquet route, which
is a popular tourist route for garden visitors in the south of the Master-of-Nets Garden as an example to analyze it, the result shows that the changes
of space including opening and closing, the color and light can promote the occurrence of various behaviors such as bending over, raising head,
looking sideways, moving forward, sitting and lying, and these changes occur very frequently at a frequency of almost five meters. In addition, in
the poems intoning of the Master-of-Nets Garden, “leisure” and “tranquility” are the main keywords of the literati’s health, the design of the outdoor
space like furniture and the comfortable indoor health facilities also provide conditions for people to enter the state of “leisure” and “tranquility” at
any time. Finally, the artistic conception of poetry and painting is the ultimate pursuit of the literati’s garden health. The construction of the Masterof-
Nets Garden is integrated into the garden owner’s heart of painting landscape and life ideal, and those who share the same aesthetic consensus
as the owners of the garden also complete the comfort experience through poetic, idyllical and immersed tours. Taking the courtyard of the Peony
Study as an example, the study analyzes the artistic experience of literati’s painting style tour, in the process of tour, “three perspectives” and the
change of the surrounding landscape cause the viewer’s physical resonance and perception as if traveling the real mountain, coupled with the rich
imagination of the literati, the stone pieces and small pools in the garden bring people endless space imagination of landscape and transcendental,
spiritually ascending experience. When sitting indoors, a drawing through window frames and outdoor scenery forms a hazy artistic conception
in the separation of the paper window and the curtain, and the artistic conception is infinitely variable because of the different viewing positions
of the garden owners and the changing scenery of the four seasons. Therefore, people can transcend the limitations of space and have a myriad of
meteorology in the room, and then realize the literati’s spiritual maintenance through countless painting appreciation. In addition, couplets written
on pillar and tablets of the door of the Master-of-Nets Garden reflect garden owner’s the hermit ambition, ideal life and the pursuit of self-cultivation
space, such as Zen Buddhism and immortal residence. Under the action of poetry, the real space environment has become a fairyland, and life has
become an artistic spiritual cultivation.
The research has significance for the construction of health-oriented gardens, that is, healthy gardens not only pay attention to the construction of the
environment, but also pay more attention to the important role of poetic living and traveling ways and humanistic thoughts in the garden health. |
| Key words: Landscape Garden Literati Garden Healthy Thought Essence-Energy-Spirit The Master-of-Nets Garden |
