|
| 摘要: |
| 水环境是江南传统商业聚落形成、发
展、演变的决定性因素和最重要的物质空间形态
特征，物化了各种社会空间组织结构。本文以马
克思主义“生存—实践”为基础，将文化人类学
的研究理论和方法引入建筑学领域，建立全新
的研究视野和研究方法，探讨人们对水环境的
“空间生产”过程，剖析江南传统商业聚落水环
境文化表征要素及其内在机制，为当下乡村精细
化建设提供借鉴和依据。 |
| 关键词: 江南传统商业聚落 水环境 文化表征 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20220504 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
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| A Study on the Cultural Representation of the Water Environment Space in TraditionalCommercial Settlements in Southern Yangtze River Region: Taking Lili, Tongli andWuzhen as Examples |
|
NI Zhenyu, GE Chengyu, LIU Fang
|
| Abstract: |
| Since the Eastern Jin Dynasty, with the southward migration of the population and
the shift of the economic center to the southern part of China, the southern Yangtze River
region has continued to develop and prosper.The dense water network is its most basic and
important physical and geographical feature, which has led to the emergence of a large number
of distinctive traditional commercial settlements. The water environment is the determining
factor of the formation, development and evolution of traditional commercial settlements in
the southern Yangtze River region. This paper introduces the research theories and research
methods of cultural anthropology into the field of architecture. Based on the Marxist “beingpractice”
approach, it explores the process of human beings changing from passive and oneway
adaptation to the water environment to active and conscious use of the water environment,
realizing “natural humanization” and completing “space production”. The water environment
formed a culture on the basis of materiality and social attributes. Culture affects space, while
the space reacts on the culture, and the two form a two-way interactive relations. Traditional
research either focuses on quantitative analysis of materiality, or social logic system, and
neither is comprehensive or profound enough to grasp the fundamentals. The research
extracts two basic dimensions of livelihood mode and social organization from the complex
social relationship of human beings, and uses quantitative analysis methods such as spatial
syntax software and takes Lili, Tongli and Wuzhen as examples, form the aspects of natural
distribution, development types, deeply analyzing the cultural representation elements and
internal mechanisms of the water environment of traditional commercial settlements in the
southern Yangtze River region. The natural distribution characteristic of choosing to live by
water is the result of the inevitable choice of traditional commercial settlements under the
dominance of the livelihood model in the southern Yangtze River region. With the development
of economy and trade, traditional settlements broke through the shackles of traditional selfsufficient
agricultural economy, created commodity economy, evolved into “the rural market”
and “the market”, formed specialized commercial settlements, and engage in professional
economic production. A series of commercial settlements are distributed along the water
network in the southern Yangtze River region, and are divided into central market, intermediate market and grassroots market, which is in line with G.
William Skinner’s “Central Theory”. Based on the commercial economy, the traditional commercial settlements in the southern Yangtze River region
constitute a settlement distribution hierarchy with a hierarchical and isomorphic water network. The type of development of growing along the water
is the result of the traditional commercial settlements in the southern Yangtze River region, driven by the commercial core, organized according to
“industry ties” and “blood ties”. “Industry relationship” and “bloodline” are each other’s primary and secondary, and under the influence of the water
environment, three types of development have been formed: belt-shaped, multi-axis intersecting and network-like distribution. Under the two-way
action of natural resources and economic system, the s?剡楴癩敡牬?牬敡杹楯潵湴???琠?桡慴獥?瀠牡慮捤琠楳捯慩汬?牳敹晭敢物敯湳捩敳?慴湡摫?杳甠楴摨楥渠杭?獲楫来湴椠晳楱捵慡湲捥攠?晳漠牴?牥甠牣慯汲?爬攠癴楨瑥愠汣楯穭慭瑥楲潣湩?慬渊摳?瑲桥敥?挠潡湳猠瑴牨略挠瑬楩潮湫?漠晡?瑤栠整??爠慲湩摶??慳湩慤汥??畤汧瑥甠牡慳氠??敥氠瑣??慲湡摣?楥瑲?睳潴畩汣搠?扯攠?扯敲湭攠晡椠捭楡慴汥?瑩潡?爠敳慰污楣穥攠?据栠慴牨慥挠瑴敲牡楤獩瑴楩捯?慡湬搠?牥整晴楬湥敭摥?獴畳猠瑯慦椠湴慨扥氠敳?摵整癨敥汲潮瀠浙敡湮瑧?ze River
region. The spatial layout symbolizes the relations between social organizations and the way of social operation and forms the logical and structural
combination of the deep system. Among them, Lili is a strip-shaped commercial settlement with the grain planting industry as its core, the river as
its axis and developed on both sides; Wuzhen, with continuous gathering, developed from Wuzhen and Qingzhen on the east and west sides of the
Chexi River in the early stage, and eventually form a multi-axis and intersecting commercial settlement with integrated development; under the
condition of natural water system, Tongli, located between Changqian Road and Dayao Port, is a commercial and trade distribution center based
on water transportation, which presents a development trend of network distribution. The research uses spatial syntax software and DepthMap
software to analyze the global integration degree and the global depth of the water environment in typical cases. The study found that under the
basic effect of the livelihood model, the commercial space and the water environment were highly superimposed, with the “industry edge” as the
link, the settlements live together along the river, and the settlement groups are clustered centrally and distributed hierarchically. Businesses gather
on the axis with the lowest global depth, occupying the area with the lowest depth, and the space is most public and accessible; the residential space
is distributed in the space with a higher depth, with better privacy. The water environment is the surface material space form and the deep social
space form. This paper focuses on three typical cases in Lili, Tongli and Wuzhen and studies the cultural representation of the water environment of
traditional commercial settlements in the southern Yangtze |
| Key words: Traditional Commercial Settlements in the Southern Yangtze River Region Water Environments Cultural Representations |
