| 摘要: |
| 基于系统演进的适应性视角，运用参
与式脆弱性评估方法，针对台风灾害的扰动模
式和人居环境防灾的脆弱性等问题的研究，揭
示出浙江滨海平原地区“台风—内涝”的灾变机
制，提出了动态调控避难空间资源，健全基于小
微流域的镇级脆弱性补偿机制、营建传统圩区
的“功能与时序”、设置“控涝单元”等人居环境
营建的适应性策略，旨在为我国滨海平原区人居
环境的防灾减灾与品质提升提供相应的理论与
技术支持。 |
| 关键词: 滨海平原区 台风—内涝 灾变机制 适应性营建策略 控涝单元 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20220608 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（52278044） |
|
| Adaptive Construction Strategy of Human Settlements Based on the Mechanism of Typhoon-Waterlogging: A Study Based on the Zhejiang Coastal Plain Area |
|
GUO Rui,WANG Zhu,QIU Zhi,WU Yiqun,MIAO Liting
|
| Abstract: |
| Typhoon, which is one of the most dangerous hydrometeorological hazards, made the
most death and the worst economic loss in coastal areas around the world. In southeast China,
a classic typhoon risk area, since the building structure strength meets the wind resistance
standard, the building collapse, and people death events caused by strong wind have decreased.
Nowadays, with the intensification of climate change, the reality is that the economic loss
of coastal settlements caused by typhoons is further rising. To find its cause, since the rapid
urbanization, the impervious surface has spread with the expansion of cities and towns, which
cannot cope with typhoon extreme precipitation. Even more, traditional disaster management
methods still focus on rigid defense and post-disaster recovery, and to some extent, there is
a lack of in-depth discussion on the relationship between settlements and natural disasters,
resulting in few ways for settlements to further adapt to the real impact of typhoons. In short, it
has become a new normal that almost every typhoon makes settlements waterlogging, poses a
great threat to people’s lives and property, and challenges sustainable development. Because of
the irreplaceable social productive forces and population carrying capacity, coastal settlements
need to find a resilient way as soon as possible. Therefore, in front of realistic problems and
challenges, it is worth reflecting on the high attention and prevention mode of typhoon itself.
It is urgent to clarify the transformation mechanism of typhoon-waterlogging, explore the
dynamic adaptive construction strategy of human settlements, and improve the resilience
system for disaster prevention and mitigation.
The adaptation of a social ecosystem is not a simple and linear process, but a dynamic and
multi-level nested “Panarchy” structure. The concept of “Panarchy” can help people understand
the interaction between typhoons and human settlements. The typhoon is at the macro level,
and its nature dominates the disaster characteristics and adaptive adjustment premise of human
settlements at the meso-level. On the contrary, meso-level human settlements need to seek
disaster risk management approaches that are compatible with the characteristics of typhoons,
and more importantly, they need to innovate construction strategies, technical methods, and
emergency response mechanisms at the micro level. Only through interaction among different
levels can human settlements achieve new adaptation. Therefore, the concept of “Panarchy”
provides a framework for explaining the nature of typhoons and their waterlogging on one side,and exploring the vulnerability pain points of human settlements currently on the other. It can interpret the mechanism of disaster transformation and
improve the interpretation of adaptive construction.
The typhoon season in Zhejiang lasts for almost half a year. Zhejiang is a province with a high landing probability of severe typhoons and super
typhoons in China. The coastal area has formed a number of small and medium-sized accumulation plains due to the combined effects of river alluvial,
seawater transport and siltation, and artificial reclamation. With concentrated towns, a large population, abundant resources, and a developed economy,
it is one of the typical areas most seriously affected by the typhoon. Taking the Zhejiang coastal plain as the study area, the participatory vulnerability
assessment method is adopted. Participatory vulnerability assessment is a bottom-up analysis method. Compared with some mathematical assessment
methods, its purpose is not to score resilience or vulnerability, nor to quantify the impact of climate change or evaluate the simulation effect. On the contrary,
it emphasizes determining variables that affect the occurrence of disaster events from local experiences, like local observation data, knowledge, and action
of the local subject, which are usually very important for local areas and can reflect local reality.
Through systematic analysis, the typhoon-waterlogging transformation mechanism in the Zhejiang coastal plain is coupled by four points: 1) Deviation
between multivariate extreme precipitation evolution patterns and the single emergency response plan. 2) The centralized spatial distribution of waterlogging
is caused by the unsuiTab.and imperfect artificial drainage network in a wider range. 3) The conflict between the governance lag of polders and high-speed
urbanization. 4) And the resilience of the disaster management model is insufficient. On the basis of the disaster transformation mechanism, in order to
further reduce disaster risk, improve the quality of human settlements, and scientifically adjust the multi-level synergy, the following adaptive strategies
for human settlements are proposed: 1) Dynamically adjust and control the conversion system for daily and disaster use of refuge space to improve the
diversification and effectiveness of emergency plans. 2) Optimize the structure of small and micro watersheds and improve the town-level vulnerability
compensation mechanism. 3) Build the function and time sequence of traditional polders to improve the resilience of town-level disaster adaptation. 4)
Establish the construction system of waterlogging-control unit to promote the intelligent operation and maintenance of disaster management. In conclusion,
combining theoretical framework and empirical research, the purpose is to provide theoretical and technical support for typhoon-waterlogging risk reduction
and quality improvement of human settlements in coastal plain areas of China. |
| Key words: Coastal Plain Area Typhoon-Waterlogging Disaster Mechanism Adaptive Construction of Human Settlements Waterlogging-Control Unit |
