| 摘要: |
| 绿色基础设施是支撑生态系统可持续
运行的重要保障，在生态文明建设背景下势必
对绿色基础设施网络更具要求。青藏高原生态
安全屏障区存在生境破碎、生态脆弱等困境，
尤其在经济水平与地理环境双重制约下，如何高
效利用现有资源条件构建绿色基础设施以提高
人居环境质量仍具实践困境。论文基于国土空
间规划全域全要素视角，以西藏索县为例，通过
形态学空间格局、电路理论等方法，识别区域景
观要素及生态源地，筛选廊道与战略节点对格
局结构进行优化，并结合研究区实际探索绿色
基础设施网络构建思路。研究结果能够为研究
区生态修复与绿色基础设施网络构建提供实证
依据，亦能为其他高原寒地城镇生态可持续发
展提供实践参考。 |
| 关键词: 绿色基础设施 国土空间规划 生态网
络 形态学空间格局分析 电路理论 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20220609 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
|
| Construction of Green Infrastructure Network in Cold Plateau Counties from the Perspective of Territorial Space: Taking Suo County, Tibet as an Example |
|
MA Chicheng,YANG Dongfeng,LI Kangkang
|
| Abstract: |
| Green infrastructure is an important guarantee to support the sustainable operation
of the ecosystem. In recent years, it has developed into an important tool for bridging habitat
patch fragmentation, improving the living space of species, and improving the connectivity of
landscape corridors. The ecological security barrier area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is located
in a key place in China’s ecological security strategic pattern. In recent years, there have been
dilemmas such as habitat fragmentation and ecological fragility, especially under the dual
constraints of economic level and geographical environment. How to efficiently use existing
resource conditions to build green infrastructure to improve the quality of human settlements
is still a practical dilemma. Therefore, based on the perspective of global and all-factor land
spatial planning, taking Suo County, Tibet, an area with typical characteristics of cold plateau
land, as an example, through morphological spatial pattern analysis and circuit theory, the
paper identifies regional landscape elements and ecological sources, selects corridors and
strategic nodes to optimize the pattern structure, and explores the construction idea of green
infrastructure network in combination with the actual situation of the research area. It’s found
that the core area of Suo County was 1 571.11 km2
, accounting for 76.51% of the total GI area
and 28.81% of the total area of the county, with a total of 5 450 plaques, and the core area of
the study area was divided into four grades according to the size of the plaque area: small
plaque, medium plaque, large plaque and giant plaque. The spatial core area of the county
presents a situation close to the distribution of administrative boundaries between the north
and the south, the distribution is relatively uneven, and the overall pattern is obviously broken.
Among them, the largest area of the ribbon-like core area that runs through the east and west is
composed of Suoqu, Nu River and Weiqu and the riverbank shelterbelt, which is the core area
with the most concentrated water resources and the highest ecological value in the study area.
Due to a large number of plaques and the high degree of fragmentation in the core area of the
study area, connectivity was included in the index factors for screening ecological sources,
and the importance of plaques was quantitatively described by three types of indicators:
possible connectivity index, overall connectivity index and landscape coincidence index under
the support of Conefor plug-in. According to the actual situation and the research results of
previous generations, 17 spots with index values greater than 1.0, an area of more than 10km2
,the Qiongxionggou tourist scenic spot, and Gamei Township ecological forest area with high ecological protection value were identified as ecological
source areas. By calculating the method of the least-cost path, the 19 core plaques identified by the paired pattern pair were invoked by the Linkage
Mapper toolbox to construct the ecological corridor of Suo County, and the maximum length of the corridor was set to 20,000 meters according to
the area of the study area, and 45 ecological corridors in the study area were obtained. Among them, the longest corridor length is 125 908 m, and
there is a large corridor vacuum in the central area of the study area, which requires the addition of strategic nodes to maintain ecological stability.
Through the combination and screening of the intersection with potential corridors, the breakpoints formed by the intersection of potential corridors
and road networks, the intersection of potential corridors and bridge areas and islands, 37 strategic nodes were obtained. Then the ecological grid
of GI networks covering points-lines-surfaces was initially established in the study area. Then, based on the phased results of the “Suoxian Land
and Spatial Master Plan (2020-2035)” in the process of preparation, this study further optimizes the GI network based on the functional positioning
of the three types of urban group system in the overall plan and the operability of the actual construction of corridors and builds a “one-belt, eightcore, four-axis, multi-point” GI network pattern of Suo County. The research results can provide a theoretical and empirical basis for the layout of the
green infrastructure network in the overall land and spatial planning of Suo County and provide a reference method and practice for the ecological
construction and governance of the remaining plateau cold areas along the “Belt and Road”. In the future, it can be combined with the revision of the
comprehensive evaluation of the importance of ecological protection in the evaluation of the carrying capacity of resources and the environment and
further deepen the selection steps of strategic optimization nodes such as the current “grip” method or the multi-objective genetic algorithm in circuit
theory, and continuously promote the sustainable development of human settlements supported by the concept of ecological civilization. |
| Key words: Green infrastructure Territorial Spatial Planning Ecological Network Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis Circuit Theory |
