| 摘要: |
| TOD开发模式极为关注城市高质量
慢行交通、高密度土地利用和优质空间形态之
间的协同发展。以美国丹弗市T-REX片区和日
本东京田园都市线片区为研究案例，基于Open
Street Map、Google Earth及百度街景基础数
据，综合运用DepthMap、Arcgis、Arcmap和
Arcscene等工具对其交通系统、土地利用和空
间形态三类紧凑型特征展开对比分析。在明确
城市郊区型TOD片区的研究范围、概念定义和
案例选取原则的基础上，从交通系统、土地利
用和空间形态三方面对比分析美日城市郊区型
TOD片区案例的紧凑性特征；从开发机构和责
任主体、公共交通和土地利用形式、功能空间分
布三方面分析其紧凑性特征的生成动因；并从交通系统、土地利用和空间形态三方面提出其紧凑性特征对我国同类TOD片区的开发建议。 |
| 关键词: 美日 城市郊区型TOD片区 交通系统 土地利用 空间形态 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20220416 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFE0104300）；国家
自然科学基金面上项目（51778435）；国家社会科学
基金重大项目（17AZD011） |
|
| A Comparative Study on the Compact Characteristics of Suburban TOD Area in the USand Japan |
|
YAO Qiang,YUAN Hong,HE Yuan,XU Na
|
| Abstract: |
| The TOD development model pays great attention to the coordinated development
between high-quality slow traffic, high-density land use and superior spatial form in city. The United
States and Japan are the typical representatives of countries with low population density and high
population density. They are also the theoretical and practical pioneers of the current TOD model.
This paper takes the T-REX area of Denver in the US and the Den-en-toshi Line area of Tokyo in
Japan as research cases. Based on the datas from Open Street Map, Google Earth and Baidu Street
View, it uses DepthMap, Arcgis, Arcmap and Arcscene to analyze the three compact characteristics
of suburb TOD areas, namely, traffic system, land use and spatial form. In this way, the differences
and motivations of suburb TOD areas in the United States and Japan are studied. Firstly, the research
scope, concept, definition and case selection of suburb TOD area are clarified. TOD model is a multi-
scale urban development model, which is divided into three categories according to the hierarchy of
urban system: city-level, district-level and block-level. District-level TOD is a multi-functional and
interdependent urban rail area formed along the transit corridor rail stations. In this paper, “suburban
TOD area” is defined as “with more traffic sites are connected to the regional public transport
network, mixed area of urban rail transit (the MRT), rapid public transit system (BRT) and high
frequency local bus, it compactly and compactly arranges commercial, office and other high-density
land in the critical range of the 500 meters core area along the suburb rail station”. This paper selects
T-REX area in Denver City of the US and the Den-En-Toshi Line area in Tokyo of Japan as the study
cases. Secondly, the compactness characteristics of suburban TOD areas in the United States and
Japan are compared and analyzed from three aspects: traffic system, land use and spatial form. In
terms of urban transportation, both suburban TOD areas in the US and Japan have mature walking
system and slow-traffic system. The T-Rex area in Denver has a more orderly layout of walking
and slow-traffic system, and its travel mode is more diverse. The layout of walking and slow-traffic
system in the Den-en-toshi Line area is more freely divergent, and the accessibility of its walking
system is stronger. The peak value of kernel density of public transportation stations in the Den-En-
Toshi Line area is higher than that in T-REX area of Denver, and its synergy of urban transportation
is also higher. The average distance between the track stations in the T-REX area of Denver is
1.5 km, which is larger than 600 m of that in the Den-en-toshi Line area. In terms of land use, the
proportion of residential land in suburban TOD areas in both the US and Japan is the highest, butthe latter has a higher mixing degree between track stations and surrounding areas. The suburban TOD area in both the US and Japan has a certain intensity
of commercial development along the main urban roads, but the main commercial layout of the T-Rex area in the US is the retail stores along the urban
streets, while the Den-en-toshi Line area in Japan is more centered on the commercial development of orbital stations. In terms of spatial form, the road
integration degree (R3) of the Japanese Den-en-toshi Line area is higher, and the site vitality is higher. Meanwhile, its overall accessibility of road is stronger
than that of the American Denver T-Rex area. There is little difference in the proportion of public space between the T-REX area in Denver and the Den-en-
toshi Line area, but the distribution of public space in the former is concentrated while that in the latter is scattered. Thirdly, the generate motivations of the
compactness characteristics in urban suburban TOD areas of the US and Japan are analyzed from three aspects: development organizations and subjects of
responsibility, public transportation and land use forms, and distribution of functional spaces. The results show that there are three factors influencing the
compactness characteristics of suburban TOD areas in the US and Japan. Different subjects of responsibility lead the development pattern of suburban TOD
areas. Public transport organization and land use form promote the generation of characteristics of suburban TOD area. The distribution of functional spaces
affect the spatial forms of suburban TOD areas. Finally, based on the analysis of characteristics of traffic system, land use and spatial form in urban suburban
TOD areas of the US and Japan, their motivations are obtained. Meanwhile, three suggestions for the theoretical and practical research on the development
model of urban suburban TOD area in China are proposed. |
| Key words: The US and Japan Suburban TOD Area Transportation System Land Use Space Form |
