| 摘要: |
| 轨道交通与城市空间的关联日益密切，
使得站点影响域逐渐成为探索城市公共空间复
合功能和品质的新兴范畴。本文以轨道交通站
域内部一类特殊的城市剩余空间——“零余空
间”为研究对象，围绕轨道交通大客流带来的步
行交通安全和效率问题，探索了零余空间参与提
升站域空间质量的技术方法和策略，以此切入
对城市剩余空间价值和利用的研究。 |
| 关键词: 城市更新 零余空间 轨道交通站域 客流安全 客流压力 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20220417 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（52078070） |
|
| Study on the Strategy of Reducihg Pressure of Exterior Passengers in the Influenced RealmAround Rail Transit Station Assisted by Urban Fragmentary Leftover Space |
|
CHU Dongzhu,HE Hanxiang,WANG Yuhan
|
| Abstract: |
| The connection between the rail transit system and the urban space is increasingly
close,making The Influenced Realm (IR) around urban rail transit stations has gradually
become a typical category to explore urban public space . The Fragmentary Leftover Space (FLS)
is a special kind of urban leftover space .This paper focuses on the FLS in the IR around rail
transit stations, and takes the phenomenon of high density passenger flow in urban public space
of the IR as the clue to explores the potential and value of the FLS. By combining the model
of “typical environment” and “typical problem”, the value analysis and utilization strategy
exploration of urban leftover space are carried out.
In the first part of this paper, the definition of the FLS is clarified through extensive
literature and case studies. At the same time, the research team also studied and differentiated
other similar concepts of urban space. While defining the FLS, this paper clarifies the
hierarchical relationship between the FLS and the concept of original urban leftover space.
When a large number of passengers exist in public space, the probability of dangerous
situations will increase. Based on this, this paper puts forward the concept of the passenger flow
pressure to describe the state of crowd in public space around the station. This kind of pressure
comes from the comprehensive oppressive effect of outdoor environment on passenger flow in
it. The passenger flow pressure can also reflects the level of match between public space service
performance and passenger flow rate. It is influenced not only by crowd density, but also by the
efficiency of walking, the comfort of environment, the attractiveness of space and so on. Then
the research team focuses on the passenger carrier space within the IR and conducts qualitative
analysis on it. The passenger carrier space is the public part accessible to the passenger crowd,
and also the key material carrier of the passenger flow pressure. It can be understood as a
divergent continuous public space system with a starting point. Starting from the position of
the carriage door, this system extends to the outdoor public space open to the city through
platforms, gates and the entrances and exits of rail transit stations. On the basis of the above
research, this paper proposes the possibility of constructing the passenger carrier space system
around the station with the FLS and affecting（basically means to relieve pressure） the
passenger flow pressure simultaneously.
The subsequent research expounds the specific ways and processes of reducing the passenger
flow pressure in the IR from the two aspects of goals and principles. In the goal-building phase, thehighest value is placed on transport-related physical bases, such as road width and ease of access to pedestrian networks. Content related to human subjective
perception, such as landscape configuration, is given a relatively low value because it contributes less to the process of relieving pressure, but still has significant
significance. This study considers that the FLS has three basic objectives in assisting the passenger carrier space to relieve pressure, namely safety, efficiency
and flexibility. Among them, safety is the most basic, which ensures the stable use of public space during peak passenger flow period, and is also the essence of
the FLS utilization in the IR. Efficiency and flexibility correspond to the traffic attributes of the passenger carrier space and the fluctuation characteristics of rail
transit passenger flow respectively. From the perspective of technical principles, the FLS can help relieve the passenger flow pressure in three ways. The first
approach is that the FLS participates in the construction of new walking paths and promotes the formation of new streamline or key node of the walking system
in the IR. In this way, the walking efficiency can be improved and the duration of the high density of passenger flow can be reduced, thus alleviating the pressure.
Second, the FLS can be used as part of the passenger carrier space system to buffer the stay behavior. Existing studies have shown that when the crowd density
of pedestrians is large enough, the movement pattern of the crowd takes on the characteristics of a fluid and can therefore be considered as a fluid-like whole. At
the same time, the self-organization of the crowd will be more obvious. In this case, random pauses in the crowd (such as standing in place to talk or wait) can
have detrimental effects on the river flow of the crowd. Since human behavior can be guided by space, if the FLS can be transformed into a space that carries
stay behavior, the harmful effects of random pauses at key nodes can be alleviated, thus achieving the purpose of relieving the pressure. Third, the FLS can also
serve as a space for landscape and public service installations, which allows the FLS to help reduce the subjective psychological pressure of pedestrian flow and
improve walking comfort.
The research team used Anylogic and Depthmap to simulate the density of passenger flow at key nodes of the path in different states (with or
without the FLS participation), as well as the accessibility and selectivity of the passenger carrier space in the IR around urban rail transit stations.
The simulation results help support the above research results. At the end of the paper, based on the existing research results and combined with
urban space examples (mainly Chongqing, China), the research team proposes a systematic strategy for the FLS to help the passenger carrier space
relieve the passenger flow pressure and also provides a feasible scheme for the utilization of the FLS in cities. |
| Key words: Urban Renewal Fragmentary Leftover Space Influenced Realm Around Urban Rail Transit Station(IR) Passenger Safety Passenger
Flow Pressure |
