| 摘要: |
| 我国城市既有住区建筑品质退化问题
日益严峻，政府主导的老旧小区改造工作已成
为各地重点民生项目。通过国内既有住区建筑品
质提升实践案例与最新相关研究，提取住区建
筑多品质指标因素，构建功能性、舒适性和场所
性等多品质提升影响因素的结构方程模型，对
居住品质提升后的居民满意度调查进行科学分
析，探究居住品质因素提升与居民满意度之间的
关联关系。研究结果显示，利用Smart-PLS 3软
件所建立的模型具有良好的信度与效度，并得
到建筑品质和外环境品质对住区建筑品质的影
响路径系数分别为0.356和0.326；对于住宅建
筑品质，其功能性影响效应较大，路径系数为
0.625；舒适性（0.265）和场所性（0.117）对其影
响较小；对于外环境品质，其功能性、舒适性和场所性的影响效应相近，分别为0.385、0.304和0.323。研究结果为深化住区建筑多品质提升模式
研究提供了科学依据。 |
| 关键词: 既有住区建筑 多品质提升 指标因素 住户 满意度分析 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20220314 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（51978118）；国家自然
科学基金重点项目（51638003 ） |
|
| Analysis of Residents’ Satisfaction with Multi Quality Improvement Index Factors ofExisting Residential Buildings: Taking Dalian as an Example |
|
SUO Jian,WANG Jihui,CHEN Yu
|
| Abstract: |
| The government led renovation of old residential areas has become a key livelihood
project. Most of the old reconstruction projects carried out in various cities lack quality
improvement plans based on the actual needs of residents. In addition, due to insufficient
research and analysis, the actual needs of residents cannot be well responded. In order to solve
the above problems, the research starts with determining the three-level index elements in the
multi quality improvement of existing residential buildings. The study follows the principles
of systematization and integrity, and divides the residential buildings into two parts: the
external environment of the residential buildings and the residential buildings, which are used
as the first-class indicators for evaluation and analysis. For the determination of the secondary
indicators, the study clarifies the three quality connotations of functionality, comfort and
place by analyzing the development process of housing in China. For the characteristics of
the residential external environment in the 1980s and 1990s, the research limits the external
environment to the public space between residential buildings and the surrounding space of
roads, and its functional quality includes roads and parking, barrier free design, convenience
facilities, etc.; comfort quality includes physical factors such as heat, light, sound and air
related to environmental microclimate; place quality mainly refers to the spiritual satisfaction
and identity of environmental optimization and residential facade. The research conducted
weight analysis on the primary and secondary indicators through offline expert questionnaires.
From the analysis results, it can be seen that the experts pay more attention to the residential
building quality of the first level indicators, and the weight of functional quality and comfort
quality in the second level indicators is much higher than that of the place quality. The
weight of the secondary indicators of the external environment of the residence is not much
different, which is relatively balanced. The determination of three-level indicator elements is
divided into two steps: preliminary screening and optimization adjustment. In the preliminary
stage, the index factors are screened by summarizing the latest domestic practice and related
research, comparing and learning from the practices of relevant evaluation systems at homeand abroad. The optimization and adjustment are mainly based on the offline household field survey questionnaire, and the indicator factors are
integrated from the perspective of household demand. Secondly, taking five old residential districts in Dalian as the research objects, the residents’
living satisfaction questionnaire was developed with Likert scale. The questionnaire mainly includes two parts: personal basic data and residential
satisfaction evaluation. The residential satisfaction evaluation is divided into four parts, including the satisfaction of the external environment of the
residential area, the satisfaction of the residential building, the satisfaction of other parts of the residential area and the overall residential satisfaction
of the residential area. The data were collected in the form of field questionnaire and network questionnaire with simple random sampling method. A
total of 281 questionnaires were collected, and the effective questionnaire recovery rate was 97.5%. Combined with the survey data, the conceptual
model of the impact of multiple quality factors such as functionality, comfort and location on the residential quality is established by using the
structural equation model, and analyzed by using smart-pls 3 software to explore the mechanism of each factor on the improvement of residential
building quality. Finally, the effectiveness of the model evaluation is analyzed, and the measurement model and structural model show that the model
has good reliability and effectiveness. Analysis results: from high to low, the impacts of residential building quality on environmental quality are
functional (0.385), comfort (0.304) and location (0.323); from high to low, the effects on the quality of residential buildings are functional (0.625),
comfort (0.265) and location (0.117). The results show that the functional quality is the most important factor for the residents of residential buildings
and their external environment quality. From the perspective of the current actual needs of residents, the improvement of environmental quality
should be balanced and comprehensive. In addition to improving parking facilities, barrier free facilities, road paving and other indicators, the local
quality factors such as landscape greening, environmental monitoring and community entrance should also be steadily improved. At the same time,
the micro environment should be created to improve the comfort quality of outdoor environment. The improvement of the quality of residential
buildings cannot be limited to the external enclosure and thermal insulation measures. In the national phased quality improvement plan, multiple
quality improvement options for residential buildings should be gradually added, and the improvement of quality factors such as plane layout, stairs,
exposed pipelines, facade color and shape should be comprehensively considered. In particular, the refined renewal of indoor space is realized
through industrialized methods to ensure the continuous improvement of residents’ living satisfaction. The research provides a scientific basis for the
establishment of multi quality improvement model of residential buildings. |
| Key words: Existing Residential Building Multi Quality Improvement Index Factors Residents Satisfaction Analysis |
