| 摘要: |
| 在当前新冠疫情之下，街头摊贩活
动对提高城市居民就业率和增强城市活力的
价值被突显出来，但其管理依旧是城市公共
空间治理的重点和难点工作。通过对城管部
门访谈、实地调研和文献研究发现，我国各
城市街头摊贩空间治理实践中普遍存在摊
贩临时疏导区选址不当、街道公共空间承载
力有限和摊贩空间治理主体多方参与中缺乏
权力运行保障制度等难题。这些问题无法单
纯依靠城市街头管理解决，需要城市规划介
入。城市规划可以通过增加规划用地弹性、
提升街道公共空间设计的复合性、以社区规
划师为纽带完善多方协同治理模式等方法辅
助解决以上问题。 |
| 关键词: 街头摊贩空间 治理 城市规划 弹性预留 空间复合性 社区规划师 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20220209 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（52008051） |
|
| Thinking on the Dilemma of Urban Street Vendor Space Governance from the Perspectiveof Urban Planning |
|
GAO Furong
|
| Abstract: |
| Amid the current COVID-19 pandemic, the value of street vendors’ activities in
Chinese cities in increasing the employment rate of urban residents and enhancing the vitality of
cities has been highlighted. At present, the management of street vendor activities is still a key
and difficult work of urban public space governance in China. From the perspective of urban
planning, this paper thinks about the problems encountered in the practice of urban street vendor
space governance in China, and tries to put forward the methods of urban planning intervention,
in order to provide reference for solving the problem of urban street vendor space. Urban street
vendor space mainly refers to the public space occupied by street vendor’s business behavior,
which can be divided into fixed stalls and mobile stalls. Mobile stall is the main object of this
paper because of the difficulty of management. The huge number is a significant characteristic
of urban street vendor space in China. Due to the specific economic and social development
process, there are a huge number of street vendors in the city, which not only generates enormous
demand for street space, but also brings tremendous pressure of street space, resulting in a
violent conflict with the management of urban public space. At present, the governance of street
vendor space in China mainly includes the spatial diversion of street vendor activities, the control
of street vendor space and the governance system of street vendor space. Through interviews
with urban management departments, field research and literature research, it is found that
the following problems generally exist in the practice of space management of street vendors.
First of all, the location of some diversion areas is not suitable for stallholders. Secondly, the
street space allowed to be operated by street vendors is limited, which cannot meet the huge
demand for street vendor space in China at present. Many street vendors still can only adopt the
way of mobile operation. Finally, a perfect power operation guarantee system has not yet been
established in the multi-party participation of the governing body of stall space. At present, the
problems encountered in the urban street vendor space governance in China involve urban land
use planning, street public space design and urban public space governance system. Therefore,
the street vendor space problem cannot be solved only by urban management, and requires
the intervention of urban planning. When reviewing the problems mentioned above from the
perspective of urban planning, there are deficiencies in the following three aspects of planning.
Firstly, urban planning is not flexible enough to deal with unplanned space demand. Secondly, the
carrying capacity of street public space planning and design is insufficient. In addition, there is
insufficient professional support for planning in the spatial governance system of street vendors.The practice of planning intervention in street vendor space governance can adopt three planning methods. In the first place, the premise of choosing
suitable sites for street vendors’ business activities to construct temporary dredging areas is that there is matching land in urban built-up areas, which
requires the increase of the flexible reservation of urban planning land. On the one hand, facing the realistic demand, it is necessary to sort out the
existing vacant land in the urban built-up area from the perspective of urban planning. On the other hand, in the future land planning, it is necessary to
specially plan the land that is intentionally not used, so as to reserve space for the land demand beyond the urban plan. In the second place, the street
public space complexity should be improved from three aspects: sidewalk width control, street section design and open space design connected with
the street. If it is considered to accommodate street vendors, the pavement width of the street where stalls can be set up should be at least 2.5m-the
minimum stall width is calculated at 1m. In the renovation of streets, optimization methods of section design, such as changing bushes or lawns to hard
paving and trees on sidewalks, can be adopted to increase the usable area of streets. It is also a design method to effectively enhance the complexity of
street public space by reserving vacant space connected with street public space in combination with surrounding construction conditions. In the end,
a multi-party collaborative governance model involving government, community, residents and street vendors should be perfected with community
planners as the link. Community planners can provide professional technical advice such as street vendor layout, coordinate the needs of various
interest groups, and realize the landing of street vendor layout and dynamic adjustment in the process of use so that the governance of street vendor
space at the community level has laws to follow and can be practically realized. Through the above work, urban planning can help solve the current
problem of space management of street vendors. |
| Key words: Street Vendor Space Governance Urban Planning Elastic Reservation Spatial Complexity Community Planners |
