| 摘要: |
| 城镇传统聚落表现出杂姓杂居的特
征，杂姓家族社会的演进直接体现在家族院
宅空间的变化上，院宅空间变化影响传统聚
落空间形态，厘清聚落传统院宅空间特征属
性有必要从社会演进视角研究其家族社会与
院宅空间的相关性问题。本文以泰宁古城尚
书巷历史文化街区为例，基于时空维度，从
传统聚落家族社会结构与其对应院宅空间的
演化分析入手，以家族社会视角，将家族院
宅空间作为基本研究单元，梳理院宅权属、
姓氏院宅的更迭方式，解读家族社会发展演
变与院宅空间变化的相关性，揭示聚落形态
演化的内在规律及其空间特征，为传统聚落
空间分析研究提供一种研究方法。 |
| 关键词: 城镇传统聚落 家族社会 院宅空间 时空演化 相关性 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20220119 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（51978476） |
|
| Research on the Correlation Between Family Society and Courtyard House Space inTraditional Town Settlements: A Case Study of Shangshudi Historical and Cultural Districtin Taining, Fujian Province |
|
ZHANG Yingzi,LIU Jiamin,YU Meng
|
| Abstract: |
| The spatial form of traditional settlements is in the process of dynamic change with
the changes of the social historical environment background and the family social structure.
The traditional urban settlements characterized by mixed surnames have a more complex social
structure and more diversified production and cooperation relations. Therefore, the society,
economy and culture are diverse, open and integrated. Changes in the social and historical
environment have a more significant impact on the settlement space. Therefore, in order to clarify
the characteristics and attributes of the courtyard house space in traditional urban settlements, it
is necessary to study the correlation between the family society and the courtyard house space
from the perspectives of social evolution, business relationship, and external factors.
Taking Shangshudi historical and cultural district as an example, this study analyzes the
correlation between the social structure of traditional settlement families and the spatial evolution
of their corresponding courtyard houses based on the dimension of time and space. By sorting out
the county annals, genealogy of each surname, clan map, interviews and other documents, taking
the surname clan map as the main line before traditional buildings acquired by government or
tourism companies, according to the corresponding relationship of time and space, superimposing
the distribution of courtyard houses of each surname family in the settlement, this research
analyzes the changing relationship and evolution law of family development and courtyard house
space. After analysis, it is concluded that from the Ming, Qing, the Republic of China to the early
stage of acquisition, with the rise and fall of various surname families, traditional settlements
have shown the division and succession of courtyard houses and land ownership, and partial
function changes. Their spatial boundaries are relatively stable, and the overall space is relatively
stable. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the practice of “housing rationing”
(that is, dividing the courtyard house units into various rooms and assigning them to families
with different surnames) broke the dynamic balance between the traditional surname families
and the courtyard house space, destroyed part of the courtyard house structure, and made the
courtyard house space have fragmentation tendency. The acquisition of courtyard houses (that is, for protection and development, the county government and the Taining Ancient City Tourism Development Company purchase, store and manage
traditional buildings , and let the aborigines move out) is the turning point of fundamental change in the social structure of the families in Shangshudi
historical and cultural district. Although the spatial texture of courtyard houses has not yet undergone structural changes, the strong intervention of
the local government and the injection of social capital have led to the complete disintegration of the social structure of traditional courtyard houses.
Follow-up issues such as funding and ownership will delay the process of protection work, and traditional courtyard houses that are vacant to be
repaired will lead to dilapidated and even irreversible structural changes.
On this basis, a comprehensive analysis of the evolution factors of the courtyard house units shows that under the influence of endogenous factors
such as family changes and the purchase and sale of courtyard houses, its shape can still remain unchanged, and it can reflect the basic characteristics of
family social changes. The influence of family social changes on the spatial form of courtyard houses presents a long-term and gradual feature, and the
two are strongly correlated. On the contrary, the impact of external events such as fire, war, and social change on the family society and the spatial form
of the courtyard house is usually irreversible, and will affect the overall spatial form of the settlement.
Based on the dimension of time and space, starting from the analysis of the evolution of the traditional settlement family social structure and its
corresponding courtyard house space, the study interprets the correlation between the evolution of the family society and the changes in the courtyard
house space, and reveals the inherent law and spatial characteristics of the evolution of the settlement form. And it is concluded that the formation,
development and even demise of the traditional urban settlement courtyard house space is inseparably linked with the development and evolution of the
settlement clan society, and carries important historical, social and cultural information such as aboriginal society, production, life and folk activities.
Once the clan society coupled with traditional settlements is deconstructed, split or replaced, and the spatial form only survive by means of external
input such as implanting tourism and commercial development functions, the protection of traditional settlements will become a mere formality.
Courtyard house space will also lose its inner vitality. Therefore, to protect traditional settlements, we must organically combine the spatial form of
traditional settlements with the clan groups living in them, so that they can become “still alive” traditional settlements. |
| Key words: Traditional Town Settlement Family Society Courtyard House Space Temporal and Spatial Evolution Correlation |
