| 摘要: |
| 老年人高涨健身需求下，高校面向社区
开放是弥补基层健身资源不足的有效途径。在
说明哈尔滨工业大学（一校区）面向社区资源共
享可行性的基础上，实地调研校园户外健身空
间并选取观察区域，总结分析老年人休闲健身
行为的类别、参与度、和其他人群共享情况等；
并通过访谈法和问卷调查法，进一步定位老年
人对高校户外健身资源的需求差异，以及与高校
关联的锚点，进而提出高校户外健身空间联合
使用的提升策略。 |
| 关键词: 资源共享 高校户外健身空间 社
区老年人 休闲健身行为 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20220105 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金委员会区域创新发展联合基金
项目（U20A20330）；国家自然科学基金面上项
目（51978573） |
|
| Study on the Status of Leisure Fitness Behaviors for the Elderly on Campus Outdoor FitnessSpace Under Resource Sharing: Based on the Field Research of Harbin Institute of Technology |
|
CHEN Yunfeng,MEI Zhu,LI Lingling
|
| Abstract: |
| With the rising demand for fitness among the elderly, resource sharing between
colleges and communities is an effective way to make up for the shortage of public fitness
resources. The outdoor fitness space of Harbin Institute of Technology (District No.1) is discussed
as an active case of mixed use by different people, among which the elderly are an important
group. The research period spans from 2018 to 2021, including the active period for campus
resource sharing with communities, the stagnation period during the COVID-19 pandemic, and
the post-epidemic period of dynamic control-recovery. Based on the illustration of feasibility of
resources sharing between Harbin Institute of Technology and nearby communities, several areas
are selected for field research.
In 2018, through behavior observations in selected observation areas, outdoor physical
activities of the elderly show a dynamic fitness, leisure-recreation and rest-communication
intertwined phenomenon, and older people were more active in open playgrounds, leisure
gardens, equipment areas and walkway squares. The elderly and other groups (students, children,
etc.) jointly use the outdoor fitness space in campus, showing a variety of multi-group jointly
use scenarios. Five categories of scenarios are summarized, including relaxing walking, inter-
generational interaction, interest-oriented fitness, collective dynamic interactive activities and
resource collection and recycling, and each type of scene shows a variety of activities supported
by different environmental attributes. Although the current situation of space use investigated in
the 2018 survey shows the enthusiasm of the elderly to participate, the contradictions in resource
sharing among different groups still need to be further explored. When the university space which
originally designed for students is introduced to other users, the impact of the campus and the
feasibility of opening to the community should be analyzed from the larger planning area.
Around 2020, outdoor fitness resources in campus were closed to surrounding communities
due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In the post-epidemic era, outdoor fitness space in campus
opening to communities faces more and continuous challenges. From March to early April 2021,
an interview and questionnaire survey were used to investigate the elderly in the surrounding
communities who had participated in outdoor activities in the case. Questions focused on the
weekend and seasonal differences of the elderly’s outdoor activities in campus, the motivation
of going to campus, and the feedback of activity experiences. Overall, the questionnaire resultsshowed that there was no significant difference between weekdays and weekends activities in the outdoor campus, and the frequency of outdoor
activities in colleges and universities of the elderly living with their children and offspring is relatively obvious, which may be due to the influence
of other age groups’ schedules under the demand of inter-generational interaction. The outdoor activities of the elderly showed the adaptability to the
cold climate, but at the same time, the influence of winter on people over 80 years old and people with limited mobility was greater. Hanging around,
walking and sunbathing, sitting and looking dominate the outdoor activities of the elderly, which together account for above 60 percent of the total
number. The main reasons why campus outdoor space attracts the elderly are the abundant sites, facilities, fewer vehicles, high sense of security in the
transportation system, and good green environment. In the post-epidemic era, the closure of campus has become the biggest obstacle for the elderly. The
elderly show high demands and high cooperation, and they hope that the campus will open again. However, the “Campus-Community” relationship can
be fragile when it comes to harming the interests of one party. As a resource sharing platform, the campus outdoor space is in the dynamic development
process based on the realistic needs and objective environment.
The attracting anchor points of association between communities and colleges are further demonstrated from “campus-community” multi-planning
associations, open partnerships and cooperation platforms. The physical spatial association of “Campus-Community” involves several levels within the
campus, adjacent interface of “Campus-Community” and the larger areas. The establishment of open partnership includes the beginning, development,
maintenance and dissolution stages. The interactive platform of “Campus-Community” includes a series of processes such as requirements and
sharing feasibility analysis, regional positioning and responsibility consultation, resource development and facility construction, aging design and
service provisioning, management operation and post-maintenance. Then, the mixed-use strategies of campus outdoor fitness space are discussed from
the needs of the elderly, including the juxtaposition of facilities to promote multi-group use, time and space are not confined to promote functional
transformation, transformation, embedding and integration of spatial feature elements, theme- activities to establish associations. |
| Key words: Resource Sharing Campus Outdoor Fitness Space Community Elderly Leisure Fitness Behavior |
