| 摘要: |
| 自然缺失症描绘了城市化进程中儿
童与自然界的关系纽带断裂的现象，而社区
农园作为一种通过种植食物增强社区参与以
及重建人类与自然之间联系的方式，在世界
许多地区得到了认可和提倡。首先分析自然缺
失症儿童的病理表征与基本诉求，接着从干
预要素与干预途径两个角度建立社区农园缓
解儿童自然缺失症的干预模式，并借助美国儿
童社区农园（KidsGardening）项目，结合社
区农园干预健康的途径，具体阐释社区农园缓
解儿童自然缺失症实践是如何开展的。 |
| 关键词: 自然缺失症 社区农园 干预模
式 儿童健康 风景园林 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20220106 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目（51578085） |
|
| Research on the Intervention Model of Urban Community Garden for Children withNature-Deficit Disorder |
|
YU Xiaowen,DU Chunlan
|
| Abstract: |
| In the book Last Child in the Woods: Saving our Children from Nature-deficit Disorder,
Richard Louv used the term nature-deficit disorder to describe the gradual estrangement and even
rupture of the relationship between children and nature in the process of modern urbanization.
As a result of long-term lack of interaction with the environment, children with nature-deficit
disorder are significantly more likely to suffer from a range of physical and psychological
diseases, such as inattention, sensory degeneration, obesity, and depression. Reflecting on the
current situation of China’s urbanization construction, rapid urbanization leads to the continuous
decrease of the number and area of natural plaques. Moreover, the residential landscape that is
closely related to children’s life lacks sense of experience and participation, which further cuts off
the physical connection between children and nature. And this connection has a profound impact
on the healthy development of children’s body, including emotion and spirit. Therefore, it is an
urgent and far-reaching task to deal with NDS, that is, to reconnect children with nature.
In North America, Germany, Britain and other regions and countries, community garden
has been widely recognized and applied as a way to enhance community participation
and rebuild the connection between human beings and nature through food cultivation.
In addition, the community garden has a strong advantage in the frequency of contact
with children and family participation, and plays a positive role in improving children’s
diet structure, enhancing children’s exercise level, cultivating children’s social skills and
enhancing their sense of awe of nature.
Firstly, based on the pathological manifestations of children with nature-deficit disorder
including sensory limitation, cultural autism and sense of isolation, and combined with the
definition of health by the World Health Organization, this paper proposes that the basic demands
of children with nature-deficit disorder include the perception of nature, social cooperation
and health improvement. Then from the perspective of the health benefits, community garden
can be thought of as a multicomponent, behaviorally based socio-environmental intervention,
whose constituent elements could be divided into two parts: nutrition environment and social
environment. In addition, this paper establishes the intervention mode of relieving children’s
nature-deficit disorder in community garden from three intervention approaches of natural
assistance, activity support and educational assistance. Finally, this paper analyzes the Kids
Gardening project in the United States, combines the approaches of community garden in health intervention, and explains how community garden can alleviate children’s nature-deficit disorder.
The focus of this study is to summarize the intervention model of community garden to alleviate nature-deficit disorder in children and support
the theoretical model with practical cases. In view of the growing estrangement between children and nature in China, we should learn from the
mature experience of foreign countries and take community garden as an intervention way to improve children’s health. Finally, according to the
land ownership, participants’ interests and sources of funds and other problems existing in the practice of community gardens in China, the paper
puts forward the following suggestions: firstly, the land for community gardens should be included in the field of community planning to ensure the
legality of land use; secondly, we should encourage communities, NGOs and relevant government departments to provide diverse support for the joint
planning and construction of community agricultural parks; thirdly, the organization and management of community garden shall be established, and
the exchange platform of co-construction through discussion and resource sharing shall be established. |
| Key words: Nature-Deficit Disorder Community Garden Intervention Model Children’s Health Landscape Architecture |
