| 摘要: |
| 在极端雨洪灾害日趋频繁和我国城市持
续推进绿色发展理念的时代背景下，本文提出了
以海绵城市理念，推进蓝绿灰基础设施结合，系
统构建雨洪韧性城市体系的框架，从空间管控、
工程建设以及制度建设等方面阐述了构建思路，
并建立了雨洪韧性城市的风险适应、风险防治及
灾害应急实施策略与措施。在此基础上，结合我
国多个新区规划建设案例从理想蓝绿空间结构、
洪涝统筹治水体系和功能复合的用地布局等角
度探讨了构建和谐“人水城”关系的规划解决方
案，以动态发展的全过程视角制定目标，多专业、
多角度、多手段制定治水方略，推进海绵城市理
念的落实，实现城市雨洪韧性的提升。 |
| 关键词: 海绵城市 雨洪韧性城市 绿色基
础设施 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20220104 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:住房和城乡建设部科学技术计划项目（2021-R-
035）：城市安全韧性评价指标体系及相关技术研究 |
|
| Improving Urban Stormwater Resilience by Promoting Sponge City Construction System |
|
LI Yuhong,ZOU Liang,LI Li,SHEN Zheyan,ZONG Jing
|
| Abstract: |
| In the context of the increasing frequency of extreme flood disasters and the continuous
promotion of green development concept in Chinese cities, this paper proposes a framework
for systematically building a stormwater resilient city system by promoting the combination of
blue, green and gray infrastructure with the concept of Sponge City. The paper elaborates the
construction ideas from spatial control, engineering construction and institutional management,
and establishes the risk adaptation, risk prevention and disaster emergency implementation
strategies and measures for a stormwater resilient city. On this basis, the planning solutions for
building a harmonious “human-water-city” relationship are discussed from the perspectives of
ideal blue-green spatial structure, flood control system and functional composite land layout in
the context of several new district planning and construction cases in China, and the objectives
are formulated from the perspective of the whole process of dynamic development, with multi-
disciplinary, multi-angle and multi-means water control strategies. The planning solution is to
promote the implementation of the concept of Sponge City and to realize the improvement of
urban stormwater resilience.
With the advancement of urbanization in China, cities have gathered more and more
population and wealth, and China has the climatic characteristics of simultaneous rainfall
and flooding, while in the current context of global climate change, there is an increasing
development trend of extreme flood disasters. Through construction of Sponge City, the original
single pipe discharge and embankment barrier measures can be transformed into the whole
process management of rainfall and flow production, giving full play to the resilience of blue and
green infrastructure. At the large spatial scale, this paper emphasizes the harmonious coexistence
of natural space and urban space and the optimization of spatial pattern, and the city should leave
enough space for rainwater storage and discharge outlets to form a base for rainwater control; at
the microscopic facility scale, cities should reinforce the flexibility and resilience of using more
ecological, green, decentralized blue-green facilities to compensate for large urban gray facilities.
The construction of the sponge stormwater resilience system needs to follow the systemic
thinking, economic principles and adaptive design. Among them, systemic thinking is the most
important, identifying and planning from the whole process of rainfall, including rainfall law and
risk research, the control and protection of ground natural space after rainfall, the construction
of artificial gray and green infrastructure, and emergency management scheduling system. The
preconditions and influencing factors of stormwater generation should be comprehensively
and systematically sorted out, and stormwater risk assessment should be carried out. Firstly,stormwater risk areas under different rainfall intensities should be delineated. Considering the characteristics of rainfall and flooding that overlap
each other in China, stormwater encounter analysis should be carried out simultaneously when carrying out risk analysis to determine the risks under
different encounter frequencies. According to the stormwater risk analysis, reasonably regulate the human construction and development behavior in
different risk areas. The most cost effective way to face extreme events is through natural forces for rainfall flood control, leaving enough reasonable
space, especially blue-green space.Compared to large storage spaces, stormwater runoff control at the source and enhanced decentralized blue-green
infrastructure coverage can effectively improve the ability to cope with rainfall hazards and enhance the resilience of the system. Grey infrastructure
such as pipe networks, channels and pumping stations are still the basic protection works in the process of urban flood risk response, and many cities
still have the problem of severe shortage of grey infrastructure capacity, which should be accelerated to make up for the shortcomings. In order to cope
with over-standard flood disasters, a complete plan rehearsal and execution mechanism needs to be formed, the emergency plan process management
with scenario construction as the main line should be improved, and the emergency plan optimization mechanism with emergency rehearsal test as the
focus should be improved. Faced with the situation that development and risk check each other under higher constraints, improving urban stormwater
management capability is an important foundation to guarantee high-quality urban development. At present, the construction of flood disaster
prevention and control system based on the concept of risk management has become an important element of China’s urban security framework, and
the stormwater risk adaptation planning based on the construction of Sponge City can closely connect with the requirements of the whole process of
flood disaster management on the spatial and temporal scales, so as to achieve a harmonious “human-water-city” relationship. In several new districts in
Hainan, Hubei and Yunnan Province, we insist on leading in planning. It is very important to respect the natural structure and topography of “mountains,
water, forests, fields, lakes and grasses”, coordinate the water management elements in watersheds, regions and cities, and integrate the harmonious
concept of “human-water-city” of Sponge City. We should consider the long-term development and operation and maintenance of the city, strengthen
the land layout of the functional compound in the high-risk area, combine modern technology for upgrading and optimization, and systematically build
a stormwater resilient city. |
| Key words: Sponge City Stormwater Resilient City Green Infrastructure |
