| 摘要: |
| 城市中心区是展示城市核心形象的
焦点，也是城市最具活力的多元要素融合场
所。西方大城市在逆城市化过程中，往往中心
区会出现不同程度的衰退，但新街口作为典
型的中国大城市中心区，并没有发生衰退现
象，同时随着南京的社会经济发展，长期享
有“中华第一商圈”称号。本文通过对南京新
街口地区空间结构演变历程及特征的梳理总
结，认为社会和物质空间相互作用是影响新
街口地区发展的主要因素。该地区在政策、
人口和产业等多方因素影响下从过去的商业
中心转变为综合性功能的CBD，集中表现为
商业、商务功能替代原先的居住功能，并且
出现商业绅士化现象。聚焦新街口地区的时
空特征，发现该地区空间利用具有明显的中
心指向性，商业商务、文化、购物中心向外递
减，新街口已经成为中高收入群体消费和聚
居的地方，同时人口社会结构变迁对原住民
产生了一定影响。基于此，提出新街口在城市
更新的过程中，需要更加注重物质要素和社会需求的协调性，兼顾全球化消费发展和本地居民的基本生活需求，在苏皖共建的南京都市圈
中发挥城市中心作用。 |
| 关键词: 城市中心区 社会空间 时空分异 绅士化 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20210613 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
|
| Study on the Evolution of Urban Center Spatial Structure in Nanjing Xinjiekou |
|
YANG Jingwen,ZHU Xigang
|
| Abstract: |
| In 2020, the urbanization rate of China’s permanent resident population has exceeded
60%. China is gradually entering the “second half” of urbanization. Compared with the flow
of population from rural to urban areas in the “first half”, the flow of population will be more
between cities in the future, and the population will be concentrated from small and medium-
sized cities to central cities and metropolitan areas. As the focal point of displaying the core
image of a city, the central area of a metropolis is the most dynamic place for the integration of
multiple elements and also the most critical area for urban renewal. In the past 40 years of reform
and opening up, the transformation of economic structure and system in China has promoted the
construction of urban center from policy leading to market gradually, and the spatial structure of
urban center has undergone great changes. According to western experiences, in the process of
urban development, especially in the post-urbanization stage, the central areas generally appear
hollowing out, suburbanization, counter-urbanization and other consequences, and the urban
central areas begin to decline gradually. Through research, it is found that the central areas of
Chinese cities have not experienced such decline in the process of development. In particular,
Nanjing Xinjiekou has been revitalized in the continuous promotion of urban renewal by the
government. At the same time, with the social and economic development of Nanjing, it enjoys
the title of “China’s First Business District”.
In the process of the renewal of the central district, gentrification is often accompanied.
In the development process of diversified business forms, the central district is also the area
with the most concentrated urban resources, and the middle class keeps pouring into it. The
complexity of central district gentrification is mainly manifested in the interweaving and
influence of commercial gentrification and residential gentrification. Specifically in the material
space, it presents typical characteristics of gentrification and atypical characteristics. On the one
hand, as a consumption space for the middle class, the space is constantly updated to cater to the
preferences of tourists and consumers. On the other hand, as the daily living space of the middle
class and indigenous people, diverse and integrated residents inject new blood into the aging
community, and the middle class constantly promotes the renewal of the residential area withtheir daily living needs.
From the perspective of urban renewal, this paper summarizes the material and social space evolution and characteristics of Xinjiekou in the
central district of Nanjing, and identifies the gentrification characteristics of Xinjiekou in its nearly 100-year development process. After the reform
and opening up, the industrial transformation, the replacement of people and the continuous renewal of material space are the typical characteristics
of the commercial gentrification of the central district, and the main way to promote the continuous revitalization of the central district. Under the
effect of commercial gentrification, the construction of a large number of shopping centers, office buildings and high-end residential buildings
attract more middle class to gather, improve the value and vitality of space, and lay a good foundation for the sustainable development of Xinjiekou.
Based on the analysis of the evolution process and characteristics of the spatial structure in Xinjiekou district, it is concluded that the interaction
between social and physical space is the main factor affecting the development of Xinjiekou district. Under the influence of policy, population,
industry and other factors, Xinjiekou district has transformed from a commercial center into a CBD with comprehensive functions, which is mainly
manifested in the substitution of commercial and commercial functions for the original residential functions and the emergence of commercial
gentrification. Focusing on the spatial and temporal characteristics of Xinjiekou area, it is found that the space utilization in Xinjiekou area has
obvious central orientation, with the commercial, cultural and shopping centers decreasing outward. Xinjiekou has become a place where middle and
high income groups consume and live together. Meanwhile, the change of population and social structure has had a certain impact on the aborigines.
Finally, through the analysis of the effects of multiple gentrification in the central district, it is found that in promoting urban renewal, the
process of gentrification improves the spatial value, creates stronger spatial inclusiveness and increases the adaptability of regional space. Different
from gentrification in the West, gentrification in China has a stronger positive effect on urban development. For the negative effects should be
rational view of the middle, the middle process promoted the space resources, social resources configuration again, it is bound to be accompanied by
a social differentiation of different level, living conditions of the social vulnerable groups is the need to pay attention to social development issues,
this should make the social fair and reasonable compensation mechanism to further reduce the negative effects.
Based on this, it is proposed that in the process of urban renewal, Xinjiekou should pay more attention to the coordination of material elements
and social needs, take into account the development of global consumption and the basic living needs of local residents, and play the role of the city
center in the Nanjing metropolitan circle jointly built by Jiangsu and Anhui Provinces. |
| Key words: Urban Center Social Space the Spatial-Temporal Differentiation Gentrification |
