| 摘要: |
| 近年来，世界各国及地区老龄化进
程进一步加快，各界学者基于此纷纷展开应
对老龄化问题的理论与实证研究。中国是世
界上老龄人口最多的国家，其中大陆地区将
于2021年起正式步入加速老龄化阶段，并将
于2027年进入老龄社会。在诸多城市公共服
务系统中，交通系统较早面临老龄化影响，
然而中国大陆对于改善老年人出行的理论与
实践研究明显不足，适老出行设施配置与服
务供给严重短缺、相关专项规划和保障政策
长期滞后。基于大陆现阶段适老交通问题，
通过深入探讨我国台湾地区、新加坡以及日
本适老交通的经验，总结了包括完善相关政
策法规、加强公交系统建设、改善慢行出行
环境等启示性经验与措施,为更好应对我国
加速老龄化现状以及老龄化社会适老交通
提供思路。 |
| 关键词: 老年人 加速老龄化 适老交通规划 适老出行 经验与启示 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20210608 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（51578084） |
|
| Experience and Enlightenment of Transport Planning Suitable for the Elderly: Case Studiesof Taiwan in China, Singapore and Japan |
|
LIU Meng,LIU Xueli,LI Zexin
|
| Abstract: |
| In recent years, the aging process of all countries over the world has been further
accelerated. China is the country that has the largest elderly population in the world.
Especially, mainland China stepped into the aging society in 1999. It will formally enter the
accelerated aging stage from 2021 and inevitably become aged society in 2027. According to
this phenomenon, scholars from all fields have gradually carried out theoretical and empirical
studies on the aging problem. In many studies on urban public services, transportation systems
are faced with the impacts of aging problem earlier while the theories and practice of improving
the elderly going out in mainland China are apparently inadequate. Therefore, it is very
significant to research the urban transportation experience which is suitable for the elderly.
Applying with the concept “age-friendly cities” proposed by the WHO, this article
defines the meaning of “suitable for the elderly”, emphasizes the diversity, differentiation,
compatibility and participatory of the elderly from 8 aspects including the outdoor space,
architecture, transportation, housing, social participation, information, community support
and health care. Based on the analysis of the current researches on the transportation of the
elderly in China, it’s found that the existing studies on policies and laws of the “suitable for
the elderly” are almost limited to the research on the importance of ensuring the elderly travel
safely. Secondly, the relative researches on the “suitable for the elderly” of public transportation
involving information acquisition, transfer and other internal services as well as the research
and practice of the whole process of transportation for elderly are critically insufficient.
Thirdly, there is a lack of practical and applicational researches on the concept of “suitable
for the elderly” in walking-out systems. In terms of practice, there are a number of problems
on transportation for elderly while the existed ones lacking pertinences; the functionless of
public transportation systems for the elderly which increases the resistance of the elderly in the
whole process of travel; the large resistance of the elderly in the whole process of travel and the
marginalization in walking-out environment for the elderly as well as planning and designthe walking-out environment.Taiwanese government utilizes policy guidance to guarantee the transportation benefits of the elderly and completes the basic public
transportation services to optimize the travel process of the elderly. Singapore advocates the joint participation of multi-departments in the age-
friendly transportation initiative, improving the hardware facilities of the roads to construct a safe and convenient travel environment and develop
the public transportation system in the spirit of “putting people first”. While in terms of Japan, it has sound laws and regulations to elevate the
transportation services for the elderly. On one hand, it ensures the security and convenience of travel for the elderly through promoting pedestrian
facilities. And on the other hand, it pushes activation of public transportation systems by perfecting the supporting services. The practical travel
situation of the elderly in China is basically consistent with that of the above countries and regions. Therefore, this article analyzes the referential
experiences of transportation measures suitable for the elderly in Taiwan, Singapore and Japan over these three dimensions. Furthermore, it
proposes the following countermeasures in a revelatory way: 1) Strengthening the construction of operational policy hierarchy of transportation
suitable for the elderly; 2) Advocating the multi-construction service pattern of transportation suitable for the elderly; 3) Drawing emphasis on
the hierarchical planning of the public transportation systems and upgrading the indispensable facilities for travelling steps; 4) Providing specific
public transportation services to cope with the discrepancies between new requirements and people; 5) Putting people first and establishing a
safe, convenient and slow-in-effect transportation environment which is suitable for the elderly; 6) Promoting the concept of positive aging and
building a harmonious transportation environment with full of respects for the elderly. |
| Key words: the Elderly Accelerated Aging Traffic Planning for the Elderly Elderly Appropriate Travel Experience and Enlightenment |
