| 摘要: |
| 文章系统梳理了人居环境质量评价
的研究进展，收集了国内外典型案例，从重点
内容、评价对象、评价方法、数据来源等方
面进行了研究。在此基础上构建了由7个目标
层、23个准则层和34个指标层组成的城市人
居环境质量评价指标体系，并在2019年城市
体检试点工作中进行了应用。实践证明城市
人居环境质量评价指标体系作为一个以应用
为导向的研究成果，能够客观展现城市建设
发展中的问题，同时在应用过程中部分指标
在数据获取、评价频次等方面出现不适应地
方现状的情况，城市人居环境质量评价指标
体系将随着2020年的体检实践继续调整。 |
| 关键词: 城市人居环境 质量评价 试点
城市 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20210607 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:基金项目：住房和城乡建设部科学技术计划
项目（2020-R-024）；国家自然科学基金青年项
目（51708567）；住房和城乡建设部科学技术计划项
目（2020-K-034） |
|
| Study on the Application of the Index System of Urban Human Settlements QualityEvaluation: Based on the Practice of Pilot Cities |
|
WANG Yiti,WANG Xirui,DOU Zheng
|
| Abstract: |
| As a basic issue related to human survival and development, the human settlements
quality has always been one of the core topics of urban research. It is a milestone that the
“Science of Human Settlements’ proposed by Professor WU Liangyong. In the context of the
Chinese government's increasing attention on the ecological civilization construction, “urban
physical examination” has been proposed as a tool to evaluate the quality of urban human
settlements in 2019.
This paper aims to form an urban human settlements quality evaluation index system by
sorting out the theoretical research and practical work of human settlements quality evaluation.
Also, it has been tested in the pilot cities of urban physical examination in 2019. The problems
in the process of urban construction and development will be reveled through multi-source
data analysis on the index system. The study also aims to make recommendations for urban
governance.
The article systematically reviewed literature on evaluation of human settlements quality.
We collected and analyzed typical practice on index systems from several aspects, such as key
contents, evaluation objects, methods and data sources. Based on this, an indicator system of
evaluation urban human settlements quality consisting of 7 targets, 23 criterion levels and 34
indicators was constructed and applied in the pilot cities of 2019. The 7 targets are the main
contents of the evaluation of the human settlements quality, including ecological livability,
urban characteristics, convenient transportation, comfortable living, diversity and tolerance,
safety and resilience, and urban vitality. A standard of the indicator system was given based on
the objective and subjective weighting methods and the weight of each indicator was involved
by the entropy value method. In each target layer, 2~3 core indicators which were determined
by using the Delphi method were increased the weight.
Through analyzing the indicator system in the pilot cities, it illustrates the following
characteristics. First, the human settlements quality in the pilot cities showed obvious
differences in different urban scale and region location. The development quality of large
cities is generally higher than that of small and medium-sized cities; the development quality
of eastern coastal cities is generally higher than that of northeastern, central and western
cities. Secondly, the pilot cities have generally shown good construction results in the ecologically livable part. Third, the construction and development problems of the pilot cities are relatively concentrated in the aspects of urban
characteristics, convenient transportation, and comfortable living, especially in the aspects of urban cultural identity, green transportation, and
community public services. Fourth, the indicators supplemented by the pilot cities are clearly focused on the three target levels of ecological
livability, convenient transportation and urban vitality, especially ecological livability.
In the application process, the indicator system also showed some controversies: firstly, the indicator has a certain advanced and
experimental nature, which led to the phenomenon of poor accessibility of some indicators, especially in the comfortable living part. Secondly,
the acquisition of indicator data emphasizes the use of official data and statistical data, supplemented by multi-source big data. This is also in
line with the general law of relevant cases, but there is a gap between official data and social big data for some indicators. Third, the “urban
physical examination” is planned to carry out once a year, but the human settlements quality evaluation system under study does not emphasize
the frequency of data. Therefore, the annual changes of some indicators are not obvious in the current indicator system.
As an application-oriented research, the index system was proved to objectively display urban problems. During the application, some
indicators were not suitable for the local status quo in terms of data acquisition and evaluation frequency, and the index system will be adjusted
with the practice in 2020.
In addition to directly serving the evaluation system, the urban human settlements quality evaluation system is one of the core contents of
urban governance modernization. Therefore, the urban human settlements evaluation index system is also one of the effective means of urban
governance, which can be used to explore the innovation of urban governance system by more objective technical support. |
| Key words: Urban Human Settlements Quality Evaluation Pilot Cities |
