| 摘要: |
| 伴随着城市精细化开发的进程，
地下空间的建设成为城市拓展更新的重要
手段。但是城市地下空间具有无方位性的特
点，缺乏应有的自然要素进行方位识别。为了
缓解长时间处在地下空间环境中产生的不良
情绪，在地下建筑出入口的设计研究中引入
恢复性理论，以此沟通地上地下空间交流、
缓解不适感。实验以不同标高的重庆来福士
购物中心部分的出入口为调研案例，使用恢
复性知觉量表以及满意度评价对多种因素进
行筛选，分别对出入口的内部空间、中介过
渡空间以及外部空间进行恢复性影响因素分
析，共提炼出32个具体的影响地下建筑出入
口节点感知恢复性的关键要素。实验结果显
示：不同出入口空间的恢复性影响因素不同，
物理因素、自然因素及心理因素均对恢复性
有着显著影响，出入口内部空间的恢复性因
素主要为室内环境的声光热等物理因素，过渡空间更需注意不同因素的过渡设置，外部空间的恢复性效果最好，绿植等自然因素分布最多。
本实验研究可为地下建筑出入口的改良设计提供一定参考方向。 |
| 关键词: 地下空间 地下建筑出入口 恢复性理论 恢复性环境 影响因素 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20210609 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（52078069） |
|
| Research on the Influencing Factors of the Restorative Space at the Entrance and Exit ofUnderground Buildings: Taking Chongqing Raffles City as an Example |
|
YAN Bo,HAN Ziyi,JIA Xinming
|
| Abstract: |
| With the process of urban refinement development, the construction of underground
space has become an important means of urban expansion and renewal. Urban underground space is
closed with poor air circulation and lack of natural light so the phenomenon of spatial identification
dislocation occurs from time to time, which has an impact on people’s physiology and psychology.
As an important node of underground space, entrances and exits are the only visible ground elements
in underground space. Setting appropriate forms and diversified styles of entrances and exits can not
only express nature of underground structure, but also relieve the psychological pressure brought by
underground space. Therefore, the restorative theory can be introduced into the design and research
of the entrance and exit of underground structure so as to facilitate the communication between the
above-ground and underground space and alleviate people’s adverse psychological reactions caused
by staying in underground environment for a long time.
With the entrances and exits of Chongqing Raffles Shopping Mall at different elevations as
a case study, the experiment utilizes restorative perception scale and satisfaction evaluation to
screen a variety of factors. The internal space, intermediary transition space and external space of
the entrance and exit are analyzed respectively. A questionnaire survey is conducted, consisting of
three parts. The first part includes the basic information survey of the subjects with the purpose of
understanding the characteristics of different choices of different people. The second part involves
the investigation of the restorative elements of the entrance and exit space, in order to determine
whether the entrances and exits investigated are recoverable. The third part aims at investigating
people’s satisfaction of the influencing factors of the entrance and exit space. A total of 32 specific
key factors affecting the perceptual recovery of the entrance and exit nodes of underground
structure are extracted after evaluation of relevant factors. The experimental results show that the
recoverability factors of different entrance and exit space are different. Physical factors, natural
factors and psychological factors all have significant influences on the recoverability. The recovery
factors in the internal space of entrances and exits are mainly physical ones such as sound, light
and heat of indoor environment. The transition setting of different factors should be taken into
consideration in the transition space. While the restoration of the outer space is the most effectivewith the natural factors like green plants being the most influential.
The comfortable physical environment helps to improve the space quality. Space comfort may be enhanced via intelligent control of the air
environment in the entrance and exit space through air conditioning and other fresh air systems. The recovery benefit of the entrance and exit space
near the urban road is insufficient so attention should be paid to rectification and improvement of auditory environment and interface base surface.
More natural lighting should be utilized to illuminate the entrances and exits of underground structure since the light can make people perceive
time and climate change so as to reduce the sense of difference with the outdoor environment. Rich natural experience can bring high restorative
potentials. Natural elements are integral in the rational layout of the location and environmental setting of the entrance and exit space so as to improve
people’s satisfaction of the space environment. Natural lighting is the optimal choice in the entrance and exit space of underground structure and
the gradual reduction of natural illumination with the deepening of space can leave people with a certain psychological buffer so as to enhance the
sense of spatial connection. The continuous arrangement of greening connected with the external space, murals or art exhibits like sculptures in
the transition space and the internal space of the entrance and exit will help to enhance charm and continuity. A positive psychological feeling can
promote mental recovery. The internal functional space such as the stores may be extended to the outside, adopting the same or similar proportion
and scale so as to form a comfortable sense of enclosure with internal and external consistency and enhance attractiveness. The same material
is used from the outside to the inside in the intermediary transition space, presenting the same texture and color. Therefore, the whole is more
connected and the space transition is smoother, promoting the sense of spiritual recovery. The setting of stairs and escalators not only meets people’s
traffic efficiency, but also makes them feel pleased. The permeability of the transition space is crucial to achieving communication with the internal
and external space environment. In addition, the entrance and exit modeling design should be original and creative with the use of light and pleasing
color to improve the degree of recognition.
In the 21st century, with the surge of various physical and psychological diseases, more and more attention has been paid to the relationship
between human settlements and public health. There is growing concern about how to build a healing environment and reduce the occurrence of
psychological problems by optimizing the built environment. More effective measures are essential to deal with the problems actively. People’s cognition
of the huge underground space often starts from the entrance node space, therefore, the research starts with the subjective space perception of different
people, and actively considers the state of people’s psychological activity. Aimed at improving the attention recovery function of the entrance and exit of
underground structure, it explores the relevant influencing factors to establish a restorative impact factor system, which can provide some guidance and
support for the design and research of entrances and exits. It contributes to the integrated development of a city, and plays an important role in such ways
as the continuation of urban space, the protection of ecological environment and the inheritance of history and culture and so on. |
| Key words: Underground Space Underground Structure Entrance and Exit Restorative Theory Restorative Environment Influencing Factors |
