| 摘要: |
| 在碳达峰、碳中和的大背景下，建筑
如何在满足使用者需求的前提下，早日实现
低碳绿色发展具有重要意义。研究提出了绿
色办公建筑室内环境及满意度实测和评估
方法，旨在提高室内环境品质和人员满意度
的同时节约能耗。根据该方法，基于各典型
季室内环境监测数据和主观满意度统计结
果，对夏热冬冷地区某典型绿色办公建筑进
行运行性能评估，并提出了室内环境优化策
略。结果显示空气温度、桌面照度和噪声级
均能满足相关标准的要求。该地区室内人员
可以接受较高的相对湿度，但对低湿环境较
敏感；室内空气品质总体达标率较低，需更
严格控制室内CO 2 和降低PM 2.5 浓度来提高
人员的满意度。 |
| 关键词: 绿色办公建筑 室内环境品质 人员
满意度 运行性能 环境优化 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20210509 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家十三五重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0700100）；
浙江重点研发计划项目（2021C03147） |
|
| Field Measurement and Evaluation of Indoor Environment and Satisfaction of Green OfficeBuildings in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Regions |
|
WU Jindong,WENG Jiantao,GUAN Kangxiang,TENG Fengshi,XU Kechen
|
| Abstract: |
| In the context of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, the promotion of energy-
efficient and low-carbon buildings is of great significance for carbon peaking in the
building sector. Achieving low carbon and energy efficiency while the indoor environment
simultaneously meets the needs of users will be more conducive to the development of green
buildings and the achievement of low carbon development goals. In the process of low carbon
development of buildings, the energy consumption of office buildings also accounts for a
large proportion, and most of the existing green office buildings have only been awarded the
green design label, while the actual operation of the building is yet to be further assessed and
tested. In particular, there is still a lack of systematic evaluation methodologies, and it is still
unclear whether green office buildings are truly green in their actual operation. Therefore,
it is necessary to conduct post-use evaluation studies on existing green office buildings and
propose a comprehensive evaluation method for the indoor environment and satisfaction of
green office buildings, so as to provide references for the evaluation and improvement of the
operational performance of green office buildings.
The existing performance evaluation of green office buildings mainly includes indoor
environment assessment, user satisfaction assessment and building operation energy
assessment. The study uses environmental monitoring, indoor environmental satisfaction
feedback, objective environmental parameter compliance and subjective satisfaction trade-off
assessment, and system operation optimization to assess three aspects of occupant satisfaction,
indoor environment and control systems. The results of the assessment show that the indoor
temperature variation is within the standard range and the overall compliance rate is above
90%. In terms of indoor relative humidity, the situation was worse in summer and autumn than
in spring and autumn, with the overall indoor relative humidity in these two seasons being
higher than the standard for at least half of the time. In terms of indoor air quality, the indoor
CO2 concentration index met the standard throughout the year, with a 100% compliance rate,
but the indoor PM 2.5 concentration index had a lower compliance rate in all seasons, especially
in autumn and winter when the outdoor air quality was affected. In terms of indoor illuminance
and sound pressure levels, 96% of the measured points met the requirements for illuminance,
while the A sound pressure levels at all measured points also met the requirements of thestandard.
The results of the subjective evaluation of the indoor environment show that indoor personnel are satisfied with the overall office
environment. The results of indoor temperature and humidity perceptions and the corresponding satisfaction ratings are good for all seasons
and basically meet the needs of personnel. In terms of indoor relative humidity, the overall relative humidity in summer and autumn was high,
but the satisfaction ratings were above 80% in both seasons. This indicates that the high relative humidity in the comfortable temperature range
has a low impact on the satisfaction of indoor personnel, but is more sensitive to dry conditions. In all seasons, indoor personnel also rated their
satisfaction with indoor air quality below the 80% requirement. The percentage of satisfaction in spring and summer is closer to the percentage
of moderate and fresh, while the percentage of satisfaction in autumn and winter is higher than the percentage of those who feel that the vote is
moderate and above. In summer and winter, more people voted “not fresh” in air-conditioned environments than in other seasons, and closed air-
conditioned environments had an impact on people’s perception of the air. The results show that people are more tolerant of indoor air satisfaction
in a naturally ventilated environment than in a closed environment.
Based on the results, the study suggests a number of improvements. During the natural ventilation phase in the transitional season, more
considerations need to be given to preventing overheating or overcooling in the room through passive means such as window regulation, while
satisfying indoor air quality. In addition, the upper limit of indoor relative humidity can be appropriately relaxed to reduce energy consumption
for dehumidification, while satisfying the premise of comfort and health. In winter, the indoor relative humidity requirement is appropriately
increased to reduce the feeling of dryness and improve personnel satisfaction. During operation, both CO 2 concentration and PM 2.5 concentration
should be paid attention to and regulated to improve air quality satisfaction. In spring and autumn, natural ventilation can effectively reduce
building energy consumption, but changes in outdoor CO 2 concentration and PM 2.5 concentration should be considered, and when outdoor air
quality indicators are poor, windows should be opened less and mechanical ventilation should be used for indoor air exchange. The comprehensive
evaluation method proposed in this study is applicable to the evaluation and optimization of the indoor environment and satisfaction after the use
of green office buildings, which can provide references for the evaluation and optimization of the operation of relevant practical projects and help
promote the high-quality development of green office buildings in hot summer and cold winter regions. |
| Key words: Green Office Building Indoor Environmental Quality Occupant Satisfaction Operational Performance Environment Optimisation |
