| 摘要: |
| 物 种落差 分 析 法（S p e c i e s
Differential Analysis，SDA）通过对目标湿地
公园现存、周边和历史鸟类名录进行集合运
算来确定目标物种，再根据这些目标物种的栖
息需求和存在情况，推导出具体的栖息地设计
方案和水鸟招引策略。以2015年启动的珠海淇
澳红树林湿地公园（一期）提升工程为例，通
过实地监测和文献查阅发现目标区域共有水
鸟15种，周边21种，历史27种，基于该数据运用
物种落差分析方法确定目标水鸟共34种；这些
目标水鸟按存在情况被分配不同的招引对策，按栖息需求被分为鹭类、鸻鹬类、秧鸡类、雁鸭类和鸥类5大类型；结合场地原始条件，确定目标
区域营造包括林地、滩涂等8种生态类型；根据以上分析结果，对湿地公园进行场地分区，地形改
造，植物种植与集中施策，实现湿地公园生态环境和水鸟多样性的恢复与提升。 |
| 关键词: 物种落差分析法 水鸟 物种多样性 生境营造 湿地公园 提升设计 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20210308 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:广东省科技计划项目（2019B121202003；
2019B121202004）；广东省科学院发展专项资金项
目（2019GDASYL-0105045）；广东省科学院科技
发展专项（2018GDASCX-0107）；广东省林业科
技创新项目（2020KJCX005）；惠州市科技计划项
目（2020SC0302019） |
|
| Improved Design of Wetland Park Based on Species Differential Analysis at the Qi’aoMangrove Wetland Park in Zhuhai City |
|
WU Renzhi,FANG Xiaoshan,YUAN Li,LIU Shuang,HU Huijian
|
| Abstract: |
| Species difference analysis (SDA) method determines the target species by comparing
the current, peripheral, and historical bird data of the project site, according to their dominance. It
helps deduce the habitat design workflow and waterfowl recruitment strategy, according to habitat
requirements and the existence of these target species.
In the SDA method, the current species (denoted by C) were birds observed at the site in the
beginning of habitat improvement project; the peripheral species (P) were birds that previously
lived at the site but only lived in peripheral habitats when the project began; and the historical
species (H) were birds that historically existed in and around the site but had since disappeared.
Species difference (D) were the difference between the existing species and the historical
species, which were generally caused by species escape and extinction. D included “species that
have completely disappeared but historically existed in and around the target area” (D’) and
“species that have disappeared but existed in the target area” (D”). The current species C can also
be divided as two sets: species that exist in the target area but do not exist in the surrounding area
(C’), and the species that exit in the target area but also exit in the surrounding area (C”). The
above species set D’, D”, C’ and C” are the target species that need to focus on restoration.
The SDA method sets the current, peripheral and historical species collected by field
survey and literature as C, H and P, each set contains the information of species name
and species dominance. The three sets can be divided into four categories (non-existence,
uncommon species, common species, and dominant species) according to the species
dominance, so there are 64 (4×4×4) possibilities in the combination of the three sets. For each
possible situation, specify a recruitment strategy, including “no recruitment”, “increase” (I),
“attraction” (A), and “reintroduction” (R). Among them, the “increase” strategy refers to the
improvement of the current habitat through topographic design, sediment transformation,
water pollution control and water level regulation, plant community restoration and other measures according to the habitat needs of waterbirds. The “attraction” strategy is to simulate the habitat features of the surrounding suitable
waterbirds and transform the current habitat of the site according to local conditions. After the habitat is improved, temporary artificial attraction
facilities such as bird simulation models and sound luring equipment are used to attract nearby birds into the target area. When waterbird clusters
begin to appear in the site, gradually evacuate these artificial attraction facilities. The “reintroduction” strategy refers to the artificial breeding
of nestlings and young birds. After the habitat is improved, these waterbirds are gradually introduced into the park, and temporary facilities such
as transitional cages are used to train waterbirds to adapt to the environment step by step. All operations are carried out in accordance with the
IUCN reintroduction guidelines.
The existence of each species is one of the 64 possibilities, based on which species should be identified as target species and the attraction
strategies that apply when they are used as target species. At the same time, these target species are also divided into various groups according to
their habitat needs, for the zoning and concentration of the habitat. The habitat needs of target species include habitat type preference, water level,
food demand, and other behavioral characteristics. According to the habitat needs of the target species, combined with the characteristics of the
site environment, site analysis, terrain transformation and plant planting in the target area can be carried out.
Taking the project of Zhuhai Qi’ao Mangrove Wetland Park (Phase I) launched in 2015 as an instance, through field investigation and
literature review, it is found that there are 15 species of waterfowls in current species list, 21 in peripheral list and 27 in historical list. Based on
this data, 34 species of target waterfowl are selected by SDA method. These target waterfowl were assigned recruitment strategies according
to their living conditions, including 11 species using “increase” strategy, 13 “attraction”, and 10 “reintroduction”. Furthermore, these species
were divided into five species according to their habitat requirements: ardeidae, charadriiformes, rallidae, anatidae, and laridae. With the
consideration of the site’s original conditions, it is determined that the construction of the target area includes eight ecological types, namely sand
beach, shallow water, deep water, mangrove, wet woodland, wet grassland and submerged plant area. According to the above analysis results,
habitat zoning, landform treatment, revegetation and recruitment measures were carried out, so as to improve the ecological environment and the
waterfowl diversity in the wetland park. |
| Key words: Species Differential Analysis Waterfowl Species Diversity Habitat Construction Wetland Park Improvement Design |
