| 摘要: |
| 城市住区是城市的基础功能区，也
是城市居民日常生活的核心空间。人类生命
中有一大半的时间是在住区中度过，住区的
环境品质决定了居民的生活质量。因此，住
区的各项组成要素都日益受到关注，这其中
风环境的优化改善也逐渐成为学界的研究
热点。以2020年之前中国知网（CNKI）数据
库和Web of Science（WOS）核心合集收录
的与我国城市住区风环境相关的367 篇文献
为研究对象，首先，通过对文献刊发时序的
分析，梳理了我国住区风环境研究的阶段特
征，探究了其发展规律的内在原因，认为随
着人居环境科学领域的不断发展，住区风环
境相关研究必将迎来新的高度。其次，将我
国住区风环境的研究现状分为两个层面进
行探讨：一方面，借助CiteSpace软件的主题
定位和关键词共现，在文献的表象特征方面
对当前研究的技术手段、研究对象和优化方
式进行归纳总结；另一方面，针对文献的研
究内容，深入挖掘近20年来有特色的研究
成果，并基于我国气候区及地理差异，探讨
了夏热住区、寒冷住区、温和住区、滨水住区以及山地住区的风环境特点和优化方式。最后，面向当前文献普遍回避或缺失的评价与指标体
系、事前评估机制和多尺度规划衔接等提出了相关建议，为我国城市住区风环境未来的研究工
作提供参考，从而希望推动城市人居环境更加健康、可持续的发展。 |
| 关键词: 城市住区 风环境 文献特征 特色成果 优化策略 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20210307 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（51578482） |
|
| Research Progress and Prospect of Wind Environment in Urban Settlements in China |
|
WANG Weiwu,WANG Zhiwei,LIANG Jingyi
|
| Abstract: |
| Urban residential area is not only the basic functional area of the city, but also the core space
of urban residents’ daily life. Most of human life is spent in settlements. The environmental quality of
residential areas determines the quality of life of residents. As a result, the components of settlements
are increasingly concerned, and the optimization and improvement of residential wind environment has
gradually become a research hotspot. This paper takes 367 literatures related to wind environment of
urban residential areas in China collected by CNKI database and Web of Science (WOS) core collection
before 2020 as the research object. First of all, through the analysis of the time sequence and quantity
of literature publication, it divides the researches of residential wind environment in China into three
stages. In this part, it sorts out the characteristics of different stages and explores the internal reasons of
its development law. Secondly, it divides the research status of residential wind environment into two
levels. On the one hand, with the help of CiteSpace, it summarizes the technical means, research objects
and optimization methods of current research in terms of literature representation characteristics, and
gets the following conclusions. In the application technology of residential wind environment simulation,
computer-aided simulation has higher application frequency. With the progress of the times and the
optimization of technology, the improvement of three-dimensional data simulation will provide more
powerful technical support and decision-making reference for quantitative research of residential wind
environment. At present, the research on the optimization of wind environment in urban residential
areas in China is still narrow and one-sided, and most of them make use of the layout form and spatial
combination mode of residential buildings. In the future, researches on residential wind environment
should be extended to multi-disciplinary fields such as aesthetics, environmental science, and
meteorology, so as to improve the quality of wind environment of residential areas in the way of cross
promotion. The empirical study of residential wind environment is consistent with the characteristics of
urbanization in China. There are more cases in southern cities than in northern cities, and more in big
cities than in small and medium-sized cities. In the future, the steady progress of urbanization in China
needs large and medium-sized cities to go hand in hand and make continuous efforts. It’s necessary
to study the wind environment of residential areas in China, which involves more northern cities and
small and medium-sized cities. On the other hand, according to the research content of the literature,
it deeply excavates the characteristic research results in recent 20 years. Based on the differences of
climate and geography in China, it discussed the characteristics and optimization methods of wind environment in hot summer residential area, cold residential area, mild residential area, waterfront residential area and mountainous residential area. For the
hot summer and warm winter and hot summer and cold winter areas in the south, the main purpose of scholars to study the wind environment is to improve the
ventilation efficiency of residential areas in the hot summer, bring clean and cool air for residential areas, and finally improve the problem of heat and pollution
accumulation in residential areas. For the severe cold area and cold area, the function of residential ventilation is to effectively resist the invasion of cold wind and
reduce the direct blowing force of wind. For the temperate climate zones, due to the small temperature changes in these areas, there is basically no heat collection
problem in summer, and the wind environment in residential areas only needs to control the wind speed in winter. Finally, it puts forward some suggestions for
the evaluation and index system, the mechanism of prior evaluation and the convergence of multi-scale planning, which are generally avoided or missing in the
current literature. On the one hand, it is necessary to establish a scientific and reasonable evaluation index for the wind environment research of residential areas
in China. In hot summer area, the main evaluation target is the evaluation of wind environment comfort, and the evaluation standard of wind thermal comfort
in summer is emphasized. From the perspective of wind environment safety in cold areas, wind machinery comfort and wind cold evaluation standards should
be included in the index system of wind environment in residential areas. On the other hand, at the beginning of the planning, a wind environment data database
can be established, and then continuously updated to build a wind environment model for the ideal database of residential areas. Before the actual settlement
planning, it selects the wind environment characteristics of the local climate zone and control the parameter variables to carry out the simulation study of the
settlement wind environment. Besides, the wind characteristics of a city or a district are of great significance for the planning of residential wind environment.
In different levels and scales of urban planning, attention should be paid to the convergence of wind environment planning, so as to promote the healthy and
sustainable development of urban human settlements. |
| Key words: Urban Settlements Wind Environment Literature Characteristics Unique Achievement Optimization Strategy |
