| 摘要: |
| 特大镇是人口规模或社会经济职
能远大于一般的建制镇，这类镇具有提升
自身服务设施的需求，但缺少相应的依据与
指导。研究从数量公平与质量公平的角度出
发，以公平指数与相关标准选取参照样本，
并通过决策树C4.5算法对公共服务设施配
置影响因素与配置结果进行两次拟合，推导
出有效影响因子与配置规则的实现路径。基
于此，以浙江省小城市培育试点镇为例进行
实证研究，推导出基本配置、刚性约束及弹
性约束三类规则。此外，结论有三：第一，从
数量上看，矛盾停留在配置与否层面阶段，尚
未抵达数量多寡层面，教育、医疗初显公平，
文化体育缺置率高。第二，质量上，优质设施
配备率低，主体间差异显著，有较大提升空
间。第三，人口与经济要素是配置规则的主
要影响要素，同时，地形、配置主体面积等要
素也起到不可忽视的作用。 |
| 关键词: 公平 特大镇 配置规则 浙江省 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20200615 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
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| Research on Configuration Rules of Quasi-Public Welfare Facilities in Mega-Towns Basedon Fairness Perspective: Taking Pilot Small Cities in Zhejiang Province as Examples |
|
RUAN Yichen,LI Wangming,WANG Linjing
|
| Abstract: |
| The town is the lowest administrative unit in China’s urban system, but
it is an important foothold of the country’s urban construction policy and one of the
main targets of urban and rural construction practice, and has therefore attracted the
attention of urban and rural planning research for a long time. The mega-town is a
kind of town district with enormous population or unusual social economic function.
It has urge demands to upgrade its service facilities. On the one hand, due to the
prominent population and economic scale of mega towns, the basic demand for public
services is much higher than that of ordinary towns. However, such economic and
social development characteristics are misaligned with the current planning standards
for the town-level public services guided by unit configuration. On the other hand,
in population mobility, industrial structure, and other social and economic fields,
mega-towns have played an important role on attracting population, constructing
productive service nodes and forming the radiation effect of general public services
to the surrounding areas. Thus, enhancing public service functions and promoting the
allocation of public service facilities not only suit for their own development demands,
but also the basic functions that considering the status of mega-town in the urban-
rural network structure. At current stage, mega-towns are facing with the dilemma
that the quantity and quality of public services are difficult to match with the needs
of residents. The phenomenon of “emphasizing industry production and despising life
services” is prominent in previous mega-town construction practice, which has caused
the mismatch of configuration and demand of public service facilities in many mega
towns, the deviations of public service planning, and even the lack of some service
functions. One of the main reasons for this problem is the lack of corresponding
basis and scientific guidance. Therefore, this research starts from the perspective
of fairness in quantity and fairness of public service facilities in mega towns, and
constructs a fairness index based on JS Adams’ fairness theory mode as well as relevant public service allocation standards, and selects reference samples based on this and uses the decision tree C4.5 algorithm to
fit the influencing factors and facilities configuration twice to derive effective impact factors and configuration rules. Based on the
above research design, taking the statistical data in 2015 in 4 aspects public services as basic research data (education, medical care,
culture, and sports), an empirical study was conducted on the small pilot cities in Zhejiang Province. Three empirical conclusions are
drawn on the characteristics of public service facilities in mega-towns: 1)In terms of quantity, the man problem of configuration still
remains in a basic level, and does not reach the perspective of whether the number of facilities is sufficient. Among them, education
and medical treatment have initially shown a certain degree of fairness, especially junior high schools, which are compulsory
education supported by national policies. The performance in quantity fairness is particularly outstanding, but the vacancy rate in
culture and sports is relatively high. 2)In terms of quality, the rate of high-quality facilities is low, and fairness index is polarized,
which means that the quality of facilities in mega towns is quite different. Some samples such as Fenshui Town and Xinshi Town
have performed better, but there are also some low fairness indexes in Qianqing Town and Yaozhuang Town. The difference between
subjects is significant, and further improvement is needed. 3)In general, the types of effective factors are quite diverse, and the
types and proportions of the impact factors of various facilities are not the same. For example, demographic factors have a greater
contribution to the classification of medical and educational facilities, while cultural and sports facilities are mostly dependent
on economic aggregates. Some factors, such as the area of built-up area and population density of built-up area, are the second or
third important factors influencing the configuration of facilities in junior high schools and high schools. Among many factors, the
main influencing factors of configuration rules are the population and economic factors. At the same time, the topography and the
configuration of the main body area also play a non-negligible role. Finally, the research puts forward some guiding rules for public
service facilities in mega towns, and the derived rules can be divided into three categories: 1)basic configuration, which means that
mega-town of any size should be configured; 2)rigid constraints, small cities that meet the conditions should be configured; 3)flexible
constraints, mega towns that meet the conditions are better to configure them if it is possible and capable. In general, this research
explores the configuration rules of facility quality and quantity scale, and summarizes the configuration rules suitable for small cities,
in order to achieve more precise positioning, fill the gaps in existing research at the services providing rules of mega towns, and
provide a certain reference of the study in perspective of similar towns and even small cities. |
| Key words: Fairness Mega-Town Configuration Rules Zhejiang Province |
