摘要: |
建筑信息模型(BIM)是一个使用数
字模型来支持虚拟设计和施工的协作工作流
程,可以简化项目交付工作流程并提高建筑
性能。使用BIM为能源绩效评估和可持续性
评估提供数据,被称为绿色BIM。近年来,
BIM的采用在世界上许多国家和城市显著增
长。基于BIM的能效分析可以帮助项目设计
团队检查和创建优化的能源效率。绿色BIM
方法可以帮助专业人士预测建筑的结果,从
而在整个生命周期中将其对环境的影响降至
最低。如果能够收集有用的信息和数据并将
其提供给设施管理员和最终用户,绿色BIM
的潜力可以得到增强。本文将解释BIM的主
要特征,描述可持续建筑环境的信息要求和
管理,并探讨使用BIM和其他相关技术促进
绿色建筑发展的新机会。 |
关键词: 建筑信息建模 绿色建筑 可持续设
计 虚拟设计和施工 生命周期评估 |
DOI:10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20200603 |
分类号: |
基金项目: |
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Latest Development of Integrating Building Information Modelling (BIM) for GreenBuildings |
HUI Chun Man Sam
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Abstract: |
Building information modelling (BIM) is a collaborative working process using
digital models to support virtual design and construction, which can streamline project
delivery workflow and improve business performances and productivity throughout the total
life cycle of building assets. In principle, BIM can be defined as the process of creating and
using digital models for design, construction, and/or operations of building or infrastructure
projects. A BIM model is a shared knowledge resource for information about a facility forming
a reliable basis for decisions during its life cycle. In recent years, BIM adoption has grown
significantly in many countries and cities around the world. BIM is considered a major driver
for the digital transformation and innovation of the construction sector; also, it has good
potential to enhance sustainable construction and environmental sustainability.
The use of BIM to provide data for energy performance evaluation and sustainability
assessment is known as Green BIM. Usually, Green BIM includes building energy modelling
dealing with project energy performance to identify options to optimize building energy
efficiency during the life cycle. In addition, BIM can provide a decision support basis for
evaluating the key carbon emission sources to achieve a holistic design and assessment of
low carbon buildings. In practice, BIM-based energy analysis can help project design teams
to examine and create optimized energy efficiency. A BIM-based approach to green building
can assist professionals in predicting the outcomes of construction to minimize its impact on
the environment throughout its life cycle. For green building projects, to facilitate modelling
and analysis, four BIM capabilities are often applied including MEP (mechanical, electrical
and plumbing) system modelling, energy and environment analysis, constructability analysis
and structural analysis. With an integrated BIM-based design process, the necessary data for
green building assessment can be extracted from BIM models for calculating the green rating
and providing feedback for further evaluation. Also, the essential documentation necessary
for obtaining green building certification can be generated timely and efficiently. Moreover,
BIM has the potential to aid designers to select the right type of materials during the early
design stage and to make vital decisions that have great impacts on the life cycle of sustainable
buildings.
By integrating BIM with building simulation tools and optimization methods, it is
possible to achieve building performance optimization and support the visualization and management of a building’s operational performance. It is believed that BIM as a design iterative tool can offer new insights into the sustainable
building design process in a multi-dimensional manner by considering the three important sustainability dimensions (economic, environmental
and social). By linking BIM to sustainability analysis, it is possible to evaluate environmental impacts more effectively over the entire lifespan
of building or infrastructure, therefore contribute to reduce waste and improve construction quality. Usually, the main BIM functions for
sustainability analyses include energy consumption, carbon emissions, life cycle assessment, natural ventilation, solar and lighting analysis,
acoustics, and water usage.
The Green BIM potentials can be enhanced when useful information and data are collected and provided to facilities managers and building
end-users. The exchange of information between BIM and other tools is a critical factor affecting the integration of BIM and green buildings. It is
believed that an efficient interoperability along the life cycle supported by BIM will allow an overall better management and help users to improve
sustainability of projects. More efforts are needed to be put in collecting, analyzing and sharing the right data for Green BIM applications. For
example, reliable data exchange protocol and standard of building information is needed for BIM-enabled operations and maintenance work
processes. To explore the Green BIM development, this research paper will explain the key characteristics of BIM, describe the information
requirements and management for sustainable built environment, and discuss the new opportunities of using BIM and other related technologies
for promoting green buildings. It is hoped that the Green BIM potentials can be further developed and enhanced for environmental sustainability
monitoring and management over the building life cycle. |
Key words: Building Information Modelling Green Buildings Sustainable Design Virtual Design and Construction Life Cycle Assessment |