| 摘要: |
| 西部地区在我国绿色建筑发展的总
体版图中占有重要地位。在西部地区的诸多
特殊性中，其多元文化特征不仅深刻影响着
该地区传统地域建筑的形成，也对当代绿色
建筑发展提出特殊要求。思考西部地区绿色
建筑的未来发展，不能回避这一特殊背景。
本文首先梳理西部地区多元文化背景下传统
地域绿色建筑的形成与本质；再考察该地区
当代绿色建筑发展的现状、问题及其对多元
文化背景的回应；在此基础上思考该地区绿
色建筑未来的发展方向。 |
| 关键词: 西部 绿色建筑 地域建筑 绿标建
筑 民居 建筑文化 |
| DOI：10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20200604 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划重点专项课题（2017YFC0702401）；
国家自然科学基金项目（51978360，51608292） |
|
| On the Green Building Development in Western China from a Multicultural Perspective |
|
SUN Shimeng,ZHAO Yilin,SHAN Jun,LIAN Lu,JIANG Haomao
|
| Abstract: |
| As issuing the new “eight-character policy of architecture” by the central
government in February 2016, green become one of the four fundamental goals for future
architecture in China. However, the western and eastern regions have to seek their own paths
of green building development based on different characteristics in terms of geographic,
economic, social, and cultural features. The western region, consisting of 12 provincial
districts, occupies 71% of the territory and 28% of the population of the whole country. The
complicated natural landscape, diverse cultural context, fragile ecological environment,
and undeveloped economy, all challenge the green building development in this region.
Especially its multicultural feature, not only deeply affected the evolution of traditional
buildings in this region, but also make special requirements for the contemporary green
building development.
The paper first explains the meaning of the multicultural context of the western region
and its influence on the formation and evolution of various traditional green buildings in
history. The multicultural features of this region consist of diverse dimensions such as races,
languages, religions, and geography. These factors affected the traditional buildings in various
and complex ways and generated 219 different traditional dwelling types, which accounts
for nearly two-fifths of the whole country’s number. These traditional buildings, in essence,
could be identified as green building practices that have met the massive demands of human
settlements construction with limited techniques while facing multiple challenges from
climate, geography, and recourse for hundreds even thousands of years. From this perspective,
they could be called pre-green buildings or traditional regional green buildings that have
existed before the emergence of the concept of modern green building. They demonstrate the
efficiency of green buildings and the culturality of regional/vernacular architectures at the
same time.
Then, the paper shifts its focus to the current situation and problems of green building
development in the western region. Based on the statistical analysis of Green Label Buildings
(GLB) from 2008 to 2016 in this region, eight features are found as follows: 1) the cumulative
numbers of GLBs in the western region remain at a low level, accounting for only 16.7% of
the total number of whole China; 2) the increasing speed remains low although remarkable;
3) the difference between 12 western province’s GLB number is great; 4) the difference of
GLB’s spatial distribution within each province is also great, with 73.9% GLBs located in 12 provincial capital cities; 5) the percentage of residential buildings in western GLBs is higher than other functional buildings; 6) the percentage of
one-star buildings in western GLBs is higher than other levels; 7) the western GLBs rely more on active technology instead of passive technology
to realize their green performance; 8) the architectural design of western GLBs does not show a strong response to their regional and cultural
context. Three problems could be identified then: economically, the current development mode of green buildings in the western region is highly
dependent on capital and technology; technically, the green building design in this region pays more attention to active technology, instead of
to its abundant renewable energy resource and profound green building tradition; culturally, the green building in this region greatly ignore the
response to its distinctive regional and cultural context.
As conclusions, three aspects of considerations and strategies are proposed regarding the future development of green buildings in the
western region. Firstly, it is not a proper conception to consider the green building development in this region simply as an architectural trend
or movement of recent decades, but a broader building tradition aiming at coping with extreme climates, fragile habitat, limited technique,
and multicultural demands in this region in a long history. Therefore, more efforts should be made to explore and study the green ideas and
skills embedded in these traditional regional green buildings and to creatively use them in the design of modern green buildings to continue
this regional tradition. Secondly, while many practical problems in the current development of green buildings are related to the overall
undevelopment of this region, traditional regional green buildings have exactly accumulated great experiences in balancing efficiency and
adaptivity. Thus, the future development of western green buildings should consider making full use of its renewable energy resources and
traditional technique, instead of simply copying the eastern region mode. Thirdly, while the current green building design in the western region
lack of positive response to its multicultural context, the traditional regional green buildings illustrated a dynamic combination of greenness and
culturality in their evolution process. The greenness and culturality should be reconnected again in the future design of this region, through more
comprehensive and stronger explanations on how they successfully worked in the past, on the one hand; and through creatively employing the
traditional green design wisdom and technique in future designs, on the other hand. |
| Key words: Western China Green Building Regional Architecture Green Label Building Vernacular Dwellings Architectural Culture |
